{"id":314,"date":"2026-10-31T18:51:48","date_gmt":"2026-10-31T18:51:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/whenthenwasnow.com\/?page_id=314"},"modified":"2026-10-31T18:51:48","modified_gmt":"2026-10-31T18:51:48","slug":"case-study-karel-van-elmpt","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/whenthenwasnow.com\/nl\/case-study-karel-van-elmpt\/","title":{"rendered":"Case study: Karel van Elmpt"},"content":{"rendered":"<!-- WTWN Karel Case Study v56 \u00b7 31 October 2026.\nBased on approved v55. Only the visible \u201cRead or download the memoir\u201d\nbutton in the publication section now links directly to the separate\nYouth Memories Karel \/ Donations page, anchored at #read-the-memoir,\ninstead of opening the old download dialog. The hero and existing\nedition destinations already linked to that same page.\nNo copy, layout, image or other link changes. Destination permalink\nawaits confirmation against the actual published WordPress URL. -->\n<!-- WTWN Karel Case Study v55 \u00b7 31 October 2026.\nBased on v54. The two edition buttons in the memoir pop-up now open the existing\ncompanion-page destination (formerly labelled Donations; future display title\nYouth Memories Karel). This is a LINK change, not a WordPress page rename.\nThe hero download button already points to that companion page.\nThe URL is the previously used planned companion slug and must be checked\nagainst the current WordPress permalink before publication.\nNo other page content, images, layout or footer spacing changed. -->\n<!-- WTWN Karel Case Study v54 \u00b7 31 October 2026.\nBased on the full user-supplied code through V53 (which retains a stale v38 comment).\nONLY VISUAL CHANGE: modest breathing room between final publication row and site footer.\nAll links, buttons, PDF statuses, images and manuscript text remain unchanged.\nNot published to WordPress. -->\n<!-- WTWN \/ Case Study Karel van Elmpt v38, 26 October 2026; based DIRECTLY on v36; only hero actions and memoir booklets image size changed; v37 abandoned; original Liese notices accessible in page lightbox.\nNATIVE GUTENBERG BLOCKS. 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29px;min-width:0}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-edition h3{font-size:23px;font-weight:500;color:var(--k-navy);margin:0 0 8px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-edition .wtwn-karel-edition-note{font-size:14px!important;color:#59636e;margin:0 0 18px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-edition-files{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-edition-file{border:1px solid #d8cdbf;background:var(--k-paper);padding:17px 15px!important;min-width:0}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-edition-file h4{font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:650;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 8px!important;color:var(--k-navy)}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-edition-file p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:#6c6e71;margin:0!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-edition-file .wtwn-karel-pending{font-weight:650;font-size:12px;color:#6e5438;background:#eee6da;padding:7px 9px;display:inline-block;margin-top:13px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-edition-disclaimer{font-size:13.5px!important;color:#636363;line-height:1.6;margin:16px 0 0!important;max-width:1000px}\n@media(max-width:860px){.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-editions{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:13px}}\n@media(max-width:540px){.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-edition{padding:24px 17px}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-edition-files{grid-template-columns:1fr}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-disclosure>summary{font-size:15px;padding:17px 45px 17px 15px}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-disclosure>p{padding:16px!important}}\n\n\/* v3 \u2014 The Liese-Aktion: one short contextual section between the question and the route. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-liese{background:#f3eee6;padding-top:65px!important;padding-bottom:68px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,57fr) minmax(0,43fr);gap:clamp(24px,5vw,80px);align-items:start}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-copy>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){max-width:690px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel{background:var(--k-navy);color:#fff;border-top:5px solid var(--k-gold);padding:27px 30px 26px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel h3{color:var(--k-gold);font-size:19px;margin-bottom:17px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel p{font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.63;color:#fff;max-width:none;margin-bottom:15px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel p:last-child{margin-bottom:0!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel strong{color:var(--k-gold);font-weight:700}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese .wtwn-karel-disclosure{max-width:100%!important;margin-top:22px!important}\n\/* v3 \u2014 Optional support: a quiet informational row within Publications; not a payment gateway. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-support-teaser{max-width:var(--k-max)!important;margin:23px auto 0!important;padding:26px 30px!important;border-left:4px solid var(--k-gold);background:#eee6da;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,65fr) minmax(0,35fr);align-items:center;gap:24px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-support-teaser h3{color:var(--k-navy);font-size:20px;margin-bottom:8px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-support-teaser p{font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.65;max-width:810px;margin:0!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-support-upcoming{justify-self:end;background:transparent;border:1px solid #8a755b;border-radius:3px;padding:11px 15px;max-width:235px;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:12px!important;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.055em;font-weight:650;color:#66533e}\n@media(max-width:850px){.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:23px}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-support-teaser{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:14px}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-support-upcoming{justify-self:start}}\n@media(max-width:540px){.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-liese{padding-top:48px!important;padding-bottom:50px!important}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel{padding:24px 21px}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-support-teaser{padding:23px 19px!important}}\n\n\/* v4 \u2014 immediate witness appeal without interrupting the memoir. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-witness-alert{background:#e9e2d8;padding-top:23px!important;padding-bottom:23px!important;border-top:3px solid var(--k-gold)}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-alert-inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:clamp(22px,4vw,64px);align-items:center}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-alert-copy p{color:var(--k-navy);margin:0!important;max-width:900px;font-size:16px!important;line-height:1.6}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-alert-copy .wtwn-karel-alert-eyebrow{font-size:11px!important;letter-spacing:.13em;font-weight:750;color:#7c5b34;margin-bottom:8px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-alert-actions{margin:0!important;justify-content:flex-end}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-alert-actions .wp-block-button__link{background:var(--k-navy);color:#fff;white-space:nowrap;padding:12px 18px}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-questions{scroll-margin-top:75px;padding-top:76px!important;padding-bottom:80px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-questions-inner{gap:clamp(25px,4.2vw,75px);grid-template-columns:minmax(0,56fr) minmax(0,44fr);align-items:center}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-questions-copy h2{font-size:clamp(32px,3.25vw,54px);line-height:1.15;max-width:720px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-questions-copy>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){max-width:810px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.72}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-appeal-privacy{font-size:13.5px!important;opacity:.88}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-topic-panel{background:#f2eae0;border-top:5px solid var(--k-gold);padding:32px 30px!important;min-width:0}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-topic-panel h3{color:var(--k-navy);margin:8px 0 7px!important;font-size:25px;line-height:1.25}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-topic-panel p{color:#243951!important;font-size:14px!important;line-height:1.55;max-width:none;margin:0 0 12px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-topic-panel .wtwn-karel-topic-label{letter-spacing:.075em;color:#815f37!important;font-weight:750;font-size:11px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-topic-focus{font-weight:600!important;font-size:16px!important;line-height:1.6!important;color:var(--k-navy)!important;margin:16px 0!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-topic-extra{font-size:13.5px!important}\n\n@media(max-width:920px){.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-alert-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:16px}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-alert-actions{justify-content:flex-start}}\n@media(max-width:782px){.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-questions-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr!important;gap:25px}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-alert-copy p{font-size:15px!important}.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-questions{padding-top:52px!important;padding-bottom:58px!important}}\n@media(max-width:480px){.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-topic-panel{padding:24px 18px!important}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-alert-actions .wp-block-button__link{white-space:normal}}\n\n\n\/* Case Study v6 \u2014 only the introductory memoir row: two booklets photo and user-written narrative. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-memoir .wtwn-karel-split{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.07fr) minmax(0,.93fr);gap:clamp(30px,4.8vw,80px);align-items:center}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-memoir-copy>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){max-width:710px;line-height:1.75}\n.wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books{width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;background:transparent!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-width:690px;object-fit:contain;box-shadow:none;border:0}\n@media(max-width:782px){.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-memoir .wtwn-karel-split{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:22px}.wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books img{max-width:600px}}\n\n\/* Case Study v7 \u2014 introductory story on warm beige, followed by first puzzle on dark blue. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-memoir{background:#e9e2d8!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-dates{background:var(--k-navy)!important;color:#fff!important;padding-top:70px!important;padding-bottom:74px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-story{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.16fr) minmax(0,.84fr);gap:clamp(32px,5.2vw,96px);align-items:center}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-narrative{min-width:0}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-narrative h2{color:#fff!important;max-width:690px;font-size:clamp(31px,3vw,46px)}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-narrative p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){color:#fff!important;max-width:790px;font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.78}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-narrative .wtwn-karel-eyebrow{color:var(--k-gold)!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-photo{width:100%;min-width:0;max-width:445px!important;justify-self:center}\n.wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-age16-portrait{display:block;margin:0!important;width:100%;max-width:100%!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-age16-portrait img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-height:590px;object-fit:contain;border:1px solid rgba(203,176,144,.6)}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-photo .wtwn-karel-photo-credit{color:#cbbba7!important;font-size:12px!important;line-height:1.5!important;letter-spacing:.025em;margin:10px 0 0!important}\n@media(max-width:782px){.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-story{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px}.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-dates{padding-top:54px!important;padding-bottom:58px!important}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-photo{max-width:460px!important;justify-self:start}.wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-age16-portrait img{max-height:none}}\n\n\/* v8 \u2014 clearer paragraphs, compact original portrait; remaining sections unchanged. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-memoir-copy>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow)+p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){margin-top:24px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-memoir-copy>p:last-child{margin-bottom:0!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-narrative>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow)+p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){margin-top:25px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-narrative>p:last-child{margin-bottom:0!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-story{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 235px!important;gap:clamp(24px,4vw,64px)!important;align-items:center}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-photo{width:100%!important;max-width:205px!important;justify-self:center!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-age16-portrait img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-height:none!important}\n@media(max-width:782px){\n .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-story{grid-template-columns:1fr!important;gap:25px!important}\n .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-photo{max-width:178px!important;justify-self:start!important}\n}\n\n\n\/* v9: narrative after Liese-Aktion; preserve the existing reconstructed timeline below. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-story{background:#dfd3c5;padding-top:66px!important;padding-bottom:70px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.15fr) minmax(0,.85fr);align-items:center;gap:clamp(32px,5vw,82px)}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-copy{min-width:0}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-copy h2{max-width:700px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-copy>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.78;max-width:790px;color:var(--k-navy)}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-copy>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow)+p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){margin-top:23px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-figure{width:100%!important;max-width:500px!important;justify-self:center;margin:0!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-figure img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;object-fit:contain;border:1px solid rgba(98,75,52,.3)}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-figure figcaption{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.55;color:#4d453e;text-align:left;margin-top:9px}\n@media(max-width:782px){.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:25px}.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-story{padding-top:50px!important;padding-bottom:54px!important}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-figure{max-width:540px!important;justify-self:start!important}}\n\n\n\/* Researcher's finding: Charles van Elmpt archival document \u2014 v10 *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-register-story{background:#faf8f5;padding-top:64px!important;padding-bottom:68px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,.75fr) minmax(0,1.25fr);gap:clamp(34px,5.5vw,94px);align-items:center}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-photo{margin:0!important;width:100%!important;max-width:390px!important;justify-self:center}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-photo img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-height:510px;object-fit:contain;border:1px solid rgba(51,43,35,.24);box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(3,24,51,.09)}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-photo figcaption{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.55;color:#5c5148;text-align:left;margin:10px 0 0}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-copy{min-width:0}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-copy h2{max-width:680px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-copy>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.8;max-width:800px;color:var(--k-navy)}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-copy>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow)+p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){margin-top:24px!important}\n@media(max-width:782px){\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-register-story{padding-top:52px!important;padding-bottom:57px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-photo{order:2;justify-self:start!important;max-width:320px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-copy{order:1}\n}\n\n\n\/* v11 \u2014 cover photograph in publication section, native editable Image block. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-publication-cover{width:100%!important;max-width:350px!important;margin:0 auto!important;justify-self:center}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-publication-cover img{display:block;width:100%!important;max-height:462px;height:auto;object-fit:contain;box-shadow:0 16px 32px rgba(3,24,51,.14)}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-publication-cover figcaption{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.55;color:#5b5147;text-align:center;margin:12px 0 0}\n@media(max-width:782px){.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-publication-cover{max-width:250px!important;margin:0 auto 10px!important}}\n\n\/* v13: remembered\/reconstructed dates in a single horizontal comparison row. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:14px;align-items:stretch;margin-top:34px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;border-top:3px solid var(--k-gold);background:#132c47;padding:18px 17px 20px;gap:0;min-height:338px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-dual-head{color:#f4e5d1!important;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.065em;font-size:12px!important;font-weight:750;line-height:1.5;margin:0 0 12px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-memory{padding:0 0 15px;margin:0!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-research{padding:14px 0 0;margin-top:auto!important;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.27)}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-dual-label{color:#aebbcf!important;letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:650;font-size:10px!important;line-height:1.4;margin:0 0 5px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-research .wtwn-karel-dual-label{color:var(--k-gold)!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-dual-date{color:#f8f8f7!important;font-weight:700;line-height:1.32;font-size:clamp(16px,1.4vw,22px)!important;margin:0 0 7px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-research .wtwn-karel-dual-date{color:var(--k-gold)!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-dual-explain{color:#f0f1f2!important;font-size:12px!important;line-height:1.56;margin:0!important}\n@media(max-width:1130px){.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card{min-height:300px}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-dual-date{font-size:20px!important}}\n@media(max-width:620px){.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card{min-height:0}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-dual-date{font-size:20px!important}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-memory{padding-bottom:18px}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-research{margin-top:0!important}}\n\n\n\/* v14: reflective passage following the parallel timeline, image reserved for later. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty{background:#e6dbcd;padding-top:80px!important;padding-bottom:84px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-sixty-inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.5fr) minmax(0,1fr);align-items:center;gap:clamp(32px,6vw,95px)}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-sixty-copy{min-width:0}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-sixty-copy h2{font-size:clamp(31px,2.7vw,43px);color:var(--k-navy);margin-bottom:24px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-sixty-copy p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--k-navy);max-width:790px;margin-bottom:21px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-sixty-copy p:last-child{margin-bottom:0!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-sixty-media{min-width:0;min-height:310px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.19);border:1px dashed rgba(3,24,51,.23);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-sixty-label{font-size:12px!important;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:700;color:#756b60!important;margin:0!important}\n@media(max-width:850px){.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-sixty-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-sixty-media{min-height:210px}}\n@media(max-width:650px){.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty{padding-top:50px!important;padding-bottom:52px!important}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-sixty-copy p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.75}}\n\n\n\/* v15 \u2014 original-source discovery at Kampen, direct before the book editions. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-kampen{background:#031833;color:#fff;padding-top:75px!important;padding-bottom:75px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-inner{max-width:1120px!important;margin:0 auto!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen .wtwn-karel-eyebrow{color:#CBB090!important;margin-bottom:16px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen h2{color:#fff!important;font-size:clamp(31px,3vw,46px)!important;line-height:1.2!important;margin:0 0 24px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen .wtwn-karel-kampen-intro{color:#f1eee9!important;font-size:clamp(16px,1.35vw,18px)!important;line-height:1.75!important;margin:0 0 18px!important;max-width:950px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen .wtwn-karel-kampen-panel{background:#faf8f5;border:1px solid #CBB090;color:#031833;border-radius:4px;margin:30px 0 20px;box-shadow:0 16px 40px rgba(0,0,0,.11);overflow:hidden}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen .wtwn-karel-kampen-panel summary{color:#031833;background:#e6dbcd;font-weight:700;font-size:17px;line-height:1.5;padding:21px 26px;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen .wtwn-karel-kampen-panel summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen .wtwn-karel-kampen-panel summary::after{content:'+';font-size:28px;line-height:1;font-weight:400;flex:none}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen .wtwn-karel-kampen-panel[open] summary::after{content:'\u2212'}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen .wtwn-karel-kampen-panel p{color:#031833!important;font-size:16px!important;line-height:1.8!important;margin:0 0 17px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen .wtwn-karel-kampen-panel .wtwn-karel-source-note{font-size:12.5px!important;line-height:1.65!important;color:#605a52!important;margin:8px 0 0!important;border-top:1px solid #d4c3af;padding-top:18px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen .wtwn-karel-kampen-panel .wtwn-karel-source-note a{color:#063f76;text-decoration:underline}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen .wtwn-karel-kampen-fact{color:#d5c3aa!important;font-size:14px!important;line-height:1.7!important;margin:14px 0 0!important;max-width:950px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen .wtwn-karel-kampen-panel>p{margin-left:26px!important;margin-right:26px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen .wtwn-karel-kampen-panel>p:first-of-type{margin-top:25px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen .wtwn-karel-kampen-panel>p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:26px!important}\n@media(max-width:750px){.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-kampen{padding:48px 0!important}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen .wtwn-karel-kampen-panel summary{font-size:15px;padding:18px 19px}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen .wtwn-karel-kampen-panel>p{margin-left:18px!important;margin-right:18px!important;font-size:15px!important}}\n\n\n\/* v16 \u2014 personal witness narrative and authentic open-book photograph. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-top{display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.45fr) minmax(0,.55fr)!important;gap:clamp(22px,4vw,56px)!important;align-items:center!important;max-width:100%!important;min-width:0!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-story{min-width:0!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-story .wtwn-karel-kampen-intro{max-width:100%!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-bookfigure{margin:0 auto!important;width:100%!important;max-width:295px!important;min-width:0!important;overflow:visible!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-bookfigure img{display:block!important;width:100%!important;height:auto!important;object-fit:contain!important;border:0!important;background:transparent!important;box-shadow:none!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-bookfigure figcaption{font-size:11px!important;line-height:1.5!important;color:#d9cbb7!important;text-align:center!important;margin:8px auto 0!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen .wtwn-karel-kampen-panel{margin-top:28px!important}\n@media(max-width:780px){.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-top{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)!important;gap:20px!important}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-bookfigure{max-width:205px!important}}\n\n\n\/* v17 \u2014 personal conclusion from the author's own words, photo reserved for later. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-reflection{background:#ece4d8;padding-top:78px!important;padding-bottom:82px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-reflection-inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.33fr) minmax(0,.67fr);align-items:center;gap:clamp(32px,5.8vw,98px)}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-reflection-copy{min-width:0}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-reflection-copy h2{color:var(--k-navy);margin-bottom:24px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-reflection-copy p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--k-navy);max-width:810px;margin-bottom:24px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-reflection-copy p:last-child{margin-bottom:0!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-reflection-photo{min-width:0;min-height:370px;background:#f4efe8;border:1px dashed #b9a891;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-reflection-photo p{color:#8a755d!important;font-size:12px!important;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0!important}\n@media(max-width:840px){.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-reflection-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-reflection-photo{min-height:230px}}\n@media(max-width:540px){.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-reflection{padding-top:48px!important;padding-bottom:52px!important}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-reflection-copy p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.75}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-reflection-photo{min-height:175px}}\n\n\/* === V20 \u00b7 STORY RHYTHM \/ REFINEMENT \u2013 source content & order unchanged ===\n   Visual-only: less vertical friction, readable measure, cohesive editorial rhythm.\n   These overrides live LAST in the same Gutenberg HTML style block, and also\n   LAST in the offline preview, so browser and WordPress style precedence agree.\n   No CSS separators between consecutive main narrative sections. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page{\n  --k20-ink:#031833;--k20-paper:#f2eee7;--k20-sand:#e9ddce;--k20-muted:#5a6671;\n  background:var(--k20-paper)!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-row:not(.wtwn-karel-hero):not(.wtwn-karel-intro):not(.wtwn-karel-contact){\n  background:var(--k20-paper)!important;\n  border:0!important;outline:0!important;box-shadow:none!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-row:not(.wtwn-karel-hero):not(.wtwn-karel-intro):not(.wtwn-karel-contact)>.wtwn-karel-section-inner{\n  padding-top:14px!important;padding-bottom:14px!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-eyebrow{font-size:11px!important;letter-spacing:.10em!important;font-weight:700!important;line-height:1.3!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-row:not(.wtwn-karel-hero):not(.wtwn-karel-intro):not(.wtwn-karel-contact) .wtwn-karel-eyebrow{\n  margin:0 0 7px!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-row:not(.wtwn-karel-hero):not(.wtwn-karel-intro):not(.wtwn-karel-contact) h2{\n  font-size:clamp(26px,2.25vw,34px)!important;letter-spacing:-.012em!important;\n  line-height:1.17!important;margin:0 0 15px!important;\n}\n\/* Prevent the old version's 24\/25-pixel paragraph TOP margins from creating gaps\n   that contradict the editorial design. Keep distinct actual paragraph breaks. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page :is(.wtwn-karel-memoir-copy,.wtwn-karel-dates-narrative,.wtwn-karel-liese-copy,\n .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-copy,.wtwn-karel-register-copy,.wtwn-karel-sixty-copy,\n .wtwn-karel-kampen-story,.wtwn-karel-reflection-copy,.wtwn-karel-book-copy,\n .wtwn-karel-questions-copy)>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){\n  margin-top:0!important;margin-bottom:14px!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page :is(.wtwn-karel-memoir-copy,.wtwn-karel-dates-narrative,.wtwn-karel-liese-copy,\n .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-copy,.wtwn-karel-register-copy,.wtwn-karel-sixty-copy,\n .wtwn-karel-kampen-story,.wtwn-karel-reflection-copy,.wtwn-karel-book-copy,\n .wtwn-karel-questions-copy)>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow):last-child{margin-bottom:0!important}\n\/* Explicitly outrank older adjoining-paragraph margin rules. *\/\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-memoir-copy>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow)+p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow),\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-narrative>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow)+p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow),\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-copy>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow)+p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow),\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-copy>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow)+p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){margin-top:0!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-intro-mark{\n  display:block!important;text-indent:-10000px!important;overflow:hidden!important;\n  width:35px!important;height:3px!important;background:#b89b77!important;\n  margin:0 auto 16px!important;border-radius:2px!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-intro{padding-top:26px!important;padding-bottom:30px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-intro-inner p:not(.wtwn-karel-intro-mark){line-height:1.58!important}\n\/* Booklets and the remembered departure are one consecutive story beat. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-memoir>.wtwn-karel-section-inner{padding-top:25px!important;padding-bottom:11px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-split{max-width:1010px!important;gap:clamp(20px,3vw,40px)!important;}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-memoir-books{max-width:268px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-memoir-copy>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){font-size:16.5px!important;line-height:1.67!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-dates>.wtwn-karel-section-inner{padding-top:7px!important;padding-bottom:16px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-story{margin:7px auto 8px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-narrative{padding-top:23px!important;padding-bottom:20px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-narrative>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){font-size:16px!important;line-height:1.66!important;margin-bottom:15px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-photo{max-width:148px!important;width:148px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-age16-portrait img{max-height:205px!important;object-fit:contain!important}\n\/* Put the Liese archival notice alongside the explanation with less vertical drift. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-inner{gap:clamp(19px,3.8vw,53px)!important;align-items:start!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel{margin-top:14px!important;padding:19px 22px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel p{margin-top:0!important;margin-bottom:10px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-disclosure{margin-top:12px!important}\n\/* Journey \/ evidence images serve the story, never dominate it. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-inner{gap:clamp(21px,3.8vw,49px)!important;}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-figure{max-width:300px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-figure img{max-height:245px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-inner{gap:25px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-photo{max-width:171px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-copy{padding:21px 26px!important}\n\/* Date comparison: chronological cues kept, card chrome compressed. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline>.wtwn-karel-section-inner{padding-top:23px!important;padding-bottom:13px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-grid{margin-top:13px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card{padding:17px 16px 15px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-dual-head{margin-bottom:9px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-dual-explain{line-height:1.54!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-step-note{max-width:870px!important;line-height:1.58!important;margin:9px 0 0!important}\n\/* Two passages of reflection, related but not mirror-image row patterns. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-sixty-copy{padding:23px 26px!important;max-width:805px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-sixty-copy>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){line-height:1.67!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-top{padding:24px 28px 21px!important;gap:clamp(15px,2.6vw,32px)!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-story .wtwn-karel-kampen-intro{font-size:16px!important;line-height:1.67!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-bookfigure{max-width:225px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-bookfigure img{max-height:230px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-panel>summary{padding:14px 20px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-reflection-copy{padding-top:3px!important;padding-bottom:3px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-reflection-copy>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){font-size:16.5px!important;line-height:1.69!important}\n\/* Edition downloads remain Gutenberg-editable placeholders, but visually secondary. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-book-inner{padding:21px 25px!important;gap:24px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-editions{gap:11px!important;margin-top:11px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-edition{padding:19px 20px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-edition-file{padding:15px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-support-teaser{padding:15px 21px!important;margin-top:10px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-questions-inner{gap:clamp(16px,2.5vw,34px)!important;padding-top:17px!important;padding-bottom:24px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-topic-panel{padding:19px 21px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-contact{padding-top:30px!important;padding-bottom:34px!important}\n\/* Accessible narrow-screen rhythm: one article, not a procession of self-contained cards. *\/\n@media(max-width:800px){\n  .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-row:not(.wtwn-karel-hero):not(.wtwn-karel-intro):not(.wtwn-karel-contact)>.wtwn-karel-section-inner{\n    padding-top:13px!important;padding-bottom:13px!important;\n  }\n  .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-memoir>.wtwn-karel-section-inner{padding-top:21px!important;padding-bottom:9px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-dates>.wtwn-karel-section-inner{padding-top:6px!important;padding-bottom:12px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-narrative{padding:22px 23px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-photo{width:109px!important;max-width:109px!important;margin:-18px 17px 0 auto!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel{margin-top:4px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-inner{gap:8px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-inner{gap:13px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-copy{padding:20px 21px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-sixty-copy{padding:21px 22px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-top{padding:23px 23px 18px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dual-card{padding:15px 14px!important}\n}\n@media(max-width:620px){\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-memoir-books{max-width:205px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-narrative>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){font-size:16px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-photo{margin-top:0!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-copy{padding:20px 18px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-bookfigure{max-width:160px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-edition{padding:18px 17px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-edition-file{padding:13px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-reflection-copy{padding-left:16px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-questions-inner{padding-bottom:18px!important}\n}\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.wtwn-karel-page *{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition:none!important}}\n\n\n\/* Karel Case Study v21 \u2014 approved small edits only (18 Oct 2026).\n   Two family-memoir covers now have more presence in the second story panel.\n   Existing typography, story order and other photos remain exactly as in v20. *\/\n@media (min-width: 783px) {\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-memoir .wtwn-karel-split {\n    grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.13fr) minmax(332px,.87fr)!important;\n    gap:clamp(18px,2.5vw,32px)!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books {\n    width:100%!important;max-width:365px!important;\n    justify-self:center!important;\n  }\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books img {\n  width:100%!important;max-width:365px!important;\n  height:auto!important;max-height:none!important;object-fit:contain!important;\n}\n@media (min-width:621px) and (max-width:782px) {\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-memoir .wtwn-karel-split {\n    grid-template-columns:1fr!important;gap:10px!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books {\n    width:100%!important;max-width:365px!important;\n    justify-self:center!important;\n  }\n}\n@media (max-width:620px) {\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books {\n    width:100%!important;max-width:290px!important;\n    margin:7px auto 0!important;\n    justify-self:center!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books img {max-width:290px!important}\n}\n\n\n\/* v22: click-through historical sources; keep all V21 copy and section layout. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-source-links{font-family:inherit!important;font-size:12.5px!important;line-height:1.7!important;color:#536174!important;margin:10px 0 2px!important;padding-top:8px!important;border-top:1px solid rgba(3,24,51,.13)!important;max-width:840px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-source-links strong{color:#72593c;font-weight:700}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-source-links a{color:#164d72!important;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px;font-weight:650}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-source-links a:hover{text-decoration-thickness:2px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-source-links a:focus-visible,.wtwn-karel-page a.wtwn-karel-source-image:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #b89b77;outline-offset:3px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-source-links .wtwn-karel-source-sep{color:#aa9b8e;margin:0 5px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-copy .wtwn-karel-source-links{margin-top:12px!important;}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-source-links{font-size:12px!important;border-color:#c4b29e!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-panel .wtwn-karel-source-links{margin:13px 26px 24px!important;font-size:12.7px!important;border-color:#d4c3af!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-bookfigure .wtwn-karel-image-source-link a,.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-register-photo .wtwn-karel-image-source-link a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}\n@media(max-width:640px){.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-source-links{font-size:12px!important;line-height:1.75!important}}\n\n\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-bookfigure figcaption a{color:#e5c89e!important;font-weight:700!important;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}\n\n\/* V23 \/ family-owned poster: thumbnail embedded in the existing archival side panel. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notice-scan{margin:13px 0 0!important;max-width:100%!important;display:block!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-notice-scan>a{display:block!important;outline-offset:3px;cursor:zoom-in}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-notice-scan img{display:block!important;width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-height:230px!important;object-fit:contain!important;object-position:center!important;background:#e2d1bd;box-shadow:0 1px 6px rgba(3,24,51,.13)}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-notice-scan figcaption{margin:8px 0 0!important;padding:0!important;font-size:11.5px!important;line-height:1.55!important;color:#435263!important;font-style:normal!important;text-align:left!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-notice-scan figcaption a{color:#164d72!important;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-notice-scan a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #b89b77}\n\n\/* V25 \u2014 two authentic notices inside the SAME sidebar (not a new story row). *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notices-gallery{\n display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))!important;\n gap:12px!important;align-items:start!important;min-width:0!important;margin:13px 0 0!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notices-gallery .wtwn-karel-notice-scan{\n width:100%!important;max-width:100%!important;min-width:0!important;margin:0!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-notices-gallery .wtwn-karel-notice-scan img{\n display:block!important;width:100%!important;height:92px!important;max-height:none!important;\n object-fit:contain!important;object-position:50% 50%!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-notices-gallery .wtwn-karel-notice-scan figcaption{\n font-size:10.7px!important;line-height:1.42!important;overflow-wrap:anywhere!important;\n}\n@media(max-width:850px){\n .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notices-gallery{max-width:500px!important;}\n .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-notices-gallery .wtwn-karel-notice-scan img{height:155px!important;}\n}\n@media(max-width:440px){\n .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notices-gallery{gap:9px!important;}\n .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-notices-gallery .wtwn-karel-notice-scan img{height:108px!important;}\n}\n\n\/* v26: source-link lightbox \u2014 no permanently visible scans. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-notice-links{margin-top:14px!important;font-size:13px!important;line-height:1.6!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-notice-links a{display:inline;text-underline-offset:3px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-notice-links .wtwn-karel-source-sep{margin:0 9px;opacity:.55}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-lightbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #b89b77;background:#061b32;color:#fff;inset:0;width:min(96vw,1350px);height:min(94dvh,980px);max-height:none;max-width:none;margin:auto;padding:0;box-shadow:0 25px 80px rgba(0,0,0,.52);overscroll-behavior:contain}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-lightbox::backdrop{background:rgba(3,12,23,.88)}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-lightbox:not([open]){display:none}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-lightbox-bar{box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;padding:12px 16px;min-height:58px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(184,155,119,.5);background:#0a2745}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-lightbox-title{color:#f6ecdd;font-size:clamp(14px,1.7vw,18px);font-weight:650;line-height:1.3;margin:0!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-lightbox-controls{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;flex-shrink:0}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-lightbox button{appearance:none;border:1px solid #af9879;border-radius:4px;color:#fff;background:#183959;font-family:inherit;font-size:17px;line-height:1;width:36px;height:36px;cursor:pointer}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-lightbox button:hover,.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-lightbox button:focus-visible{background:#b89b77;color:#051a32;outline:2px solid #f9e2be;outline-offset:2px}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-lightbox-stage{box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;overflow:auto;align-items:safe center;justify-content:safe center;width:100%;height:calc(100% - 58px);padding:14px;overscroll-behavior:contain;touch-action:pan-x pan-y}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-lightbox-image{display:block;flex:0 0 auto;width:auto;height:auto;max-width:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:contain;margin:auto;cursor:zoom-in;touch-action:pan-x pan-y}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-lightbox-image.is-zoomed{max-width:none;max-height:none;cursor:zoom-out}\n@media(max-width:620px){.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-notice-links a{display:block;margin:4px 0}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-notice-links .wtwn-karel-source-sep{display:none}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-lightbox{width:100vw;height:100dvh;max-height:none;border:0}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-lightbox-bar{padding:9px 10px;gap:6px}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-lightbox-controls{gap:5px}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-lightbox button{width:34px;height:34px}.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-lightbox-stage{padding:8px}}\n\n\/* =================== CASE STUDY V27 \/ 19 OCT 2026 ===================\n   Three strictly scoped editorial changes: river photo beside the\n   sixty-years-later reflection; return legible navy timeline cards;\n   modest increase in size of the two original memoir booklets. *\/\n\n\/* More readable side-by-side comparison. The v19 paper palette had removed\n   the original navy backgrounds while inherited text colours stayed light. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-grid{\n  background:#102d4b!important;border-top:3px solid #c9a77b!important;\n  box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(3,24,51,.10)!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-card{\n  background:#102d4b!important;\n  border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.22)!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-card:last-child{border-right:0!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-head{color:#f5e1c3!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-label{color:#cbd8e5!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-date{color:#fff!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-explain{color:#e9f0f7!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-research{\n  border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.28)!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-research .wtwn-karel-dual-label,\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-research .wtwn-karel-dual-date{\n  color:#e9c69a!important;\n}\n\n\/* Historic image is now an ordinary, editable Gutenberg image at one side of\n   the existing prose. Reserve the dominant column for the written account. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty .wtwn-karel-sixty-inner{\n  display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.7fr) minmax(220px,.78fr)!important;\n  gap:clamp(20px,3vw,38px)!important;max-width:1050px!important;align-items:center!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty .wtwn-karel-sixty-copy{\n  min-width:0!important;width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;\n  margin-left:0!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty .wtwn-karel-sixty-media{\n  display:block!important;min-width:0!important;min-height:0!important;\n  background:transparent!important;border:0!important;padding:0!important;\n  justify-self:center!important;align-self:center!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-sixty-figure{display:block!important;width:100%!important;max-width:300px!important;margin:0!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-sixty-figure img{\n  display:block!important;width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:300px!important;\n  object-fit:contain!important;box-shadow:0 8px 20px rgba(3,24,51,.13)!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-sixty-figure figcaption{\n  font-size:11px!important;line-height:1.45!important;color:#625a4f!important;\n  margin:7px 0 0!important;text-align:left!important;\n}\n\n\/* A small step up from the existing 365 px, never a dominating hero image. *\/\n@media(min-width:783px){\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-memoir .wtwn-karel-split{\n    grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.07fr) minmax(378px,.93fr)!important;\n    max-width:1080px!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books{\n    max-width:405px!important;width:100%!important;\n  }\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books img{\n  width:100%!important;max-width:405px!important;max-height:none!important;\n}\n@media(min-width:621px) and (max-width:782px){\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books{max-width:390px!important}\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books img{max-width:390px!important}\n}\n@media(max-width:1050px) and (min-width:621px){\n  .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-card:nth-child(2){border-right:0!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-card:nth-child(n+3){border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25)!important}\n}\n@media(max-width:720px){\n  .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty .wtwn-karel-sixty-inner{\n    grid-template-columns:1fr!important;gap:14px!important;max-width:650px!important;\n  }\n  .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty .wtwn-karel-sixty-media{\n    justify-self:start!important;margin-left:clamp(0px,3vw,22px)!important;\n  }\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-sixty-figure,\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-sixty-figure img{max-width:280px!important}\n}\n@media(max-width:620px){\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books{max-width:320px!important}\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books img{max-width:320px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-card{\n    border-right:0!important;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25)!important;\n  }\n  .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-card:first-child{border-top:0!important}\n}\n\/* ======================== END V27 ======================== *\/\n\n\n\/* ============== V28 \u2014 Article chapter navigation \/ 19 OCT 2026 ==============\n   One compact inline chapter index, native Gutenberg Group + Paragraph;\n   scope stays inside existing blue introductory area. Section anchor IDs\n   are on existing group blocks, with no changes to story wording. *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-intro .wtwn-karel-chapter-nav{\n max-width:760px!important;margin:23px auto 0!important;\n padding:16px 10px 1px!important;border-top:1px solid rgba(230,204,163,.38)!important;\n background:transparent!important;color:#fff!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-intro .wtwn-karel-chapter-nav p{\n margin:0 0 8px!important;line-height:1.55!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-intro .wtwn-karel-chapter-caption{\n font-family:Montserrat,Arial,sans-serif!important;font-size:11px!important;\n letter-spacing:.12em!important;font-weight:700!important;color:#e8caa4!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-intro .wtwn-karel-chapter-links{\n display:flex!important;flex-wrap:wrap!important;justify-content:center!important;\n align-items:center!important;gap:5px 0!important;font-size:13px!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-chapter-links a{\n display:inline-block!important;color:#f8f3ed!important;text-decoration:underline!important;\n text-decoration-color:rgba(231,199,158,.85)!important;text-underline-offset:4px!important;\n border-radius:3px!important;padding:4px 10px!important;line-height:1.6!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-chapter-links a:hover{\n color:#ffe5bb!important;background:rgba(255,255,255,.09)!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-chapter-links a:focus-visible{\n outline:2px solid #ffe5bb!important;outline-offset:2px!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-chapter-links a + a{\n border-left:1px solid rgba(231,199,158,.33)!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-row[id^='wtwn-karel-']{scroll-margin-top:100px}\n@media(max-width:620px){\n .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-intro .wtwn-karel-chapter-nav{margin-top:17px!important;padding-top:12px!important}\n .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-intro .wtwn-karel-chapter-links{font-size:13px!important;gap:3px!important}\n .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-chapter-links a{padding:5px 7px!important}\n .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-chapter-links a+a{border-left:0!important}\n .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-row[id^='wtwn-karel-']{scroll-margin-top:68px}\n}\n\/* ========================== END V28 ========================== *\/\n\n\/* === v29 only: replace separate downloads\/donations with one companion-page invitation === *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-resource-cta{max-width:1030px!important;margin:25px auto 0!important;\n background:#0c2a49!important;color:#fff!important;border-top:4px solid #cbb090!important;\n padding:31px 36px!important;display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto!important;\n gap:24px!important;align-items:center!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-resource-cta h3{color:#f7efe6!important;margin:2px 0 9px!important;font-size:clamp(21px,2.3vw,27px)!important;line-height:1.23!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-resource-cta p{max-width:710px!important;margin:0!important;color:#f7efe6!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:1.65!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-resource-cta .wtwn-karel-resource-eyebrow{font-size:11px!important;font-weight:750!important;letter-spacing:.13em!important;color:#dcbf91!important;margin:0 0 9px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-resource-cta .wp-block-buttons{justify-content:flex-end!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-resource-cta .wp-block-button__link{background:#cbb090!important;color:#031833!important;\n border:1px solid #dec49b!important;border-radius:2px!important;display:inline-block!important;text-align:center!important;\n padding:14px 21px!important;font-family:Montserrat,Arial,sans-serif!important;font-size:13px!important;\n font-weight:750!important;line-height:1.5!important;text-decoration:none!important;min-width:210px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-resource-cta .wp-block-button__link:hover{background:#edcfab!important;color:#031833!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-resource-cta .wp-block-button__link:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #fff!important;outline-offset:3px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-resource-cta-notes{font-size:13px!important;color:#74685c!important;max-width:1030px!important;margin:11px auto 0!important;text-align:right!important}\n@media(max-width:800px){.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-resource-cta{grid-template-columns:1fr!important;padding:25px 23px!important;gap:17px!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-resource-cta .wp-block-buttons{justify-content:flex-start!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-resource-cta-notes{text-align:left!important}}\n\/* === end v29 === *\/\n\n\/* === V38 only: two hero links, WITHOUT v37 sidebar or intro layout === *\/\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero .wtwn-karel-hero-buttons{\n  display:flex!important;flex-wrap:wrap!important;align-items:center!important;\n  justify-content:flex-start!important;gap:12px!important;\n  max-width:690px!important;margin:30px 0 0!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero .wtwn-karel-hero-buttons .wp-block-button{margin:0!important}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero .wtwn-karel-hero-buttons .wp-block-button__link{\n  display:inline-flex!important;align-items:center!important;justify-content:center!important;\n  padding:13px 20px!important;min-height:48px!important;\n  border-radius:3px!important;text-decoration:none!important;\n  font-family:Montserrat,Arial,sans-serif!important;font-size:13px!important;\n  font-weight:720!important;line-height:1.35!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero .wtwn-karel-hero-download .wp-block-button__link{\n  background:#cbb090!important;color:#031833!important;border:1px solid #cbb090!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero .wtwn-karel-hero-download .wp-block-button__link:hover{\n  background:#efdbbc!important;border-color:#efdbbc!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero .wtwn-karel-hero-share .wp-block-button__link{\n  color:#fff!important;background:rgba(3,24,51,.22)!important;\n  border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.8)!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero .wtwn-karel-hero-share .wp-block-button__link:hover{\n  background:rgba(255,255,255,.15)!important;\n}\n.wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero .wtwn-karel-hero-buttons .wp-block-button__link:focus-visible{\n  outline:3px solid #fff!important;outline-offset:3px!important;\n}\n\/* Preserve the original v36 hero's text inset\/margins\/position.\n   Added CTA occupies space that was empty below the paragraph: visual corrections\n   below offset flex-centering, not hero padding, gutters, or image positioning. *\/\n@media(min-width:681px){\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero-inner>h1,\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero-inner>h2,\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero-inner>p,\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero-inner>.wtwn-karel-hero-buttons{position:relative!important;top:39px!important}\n}\n@media(min-width:481px) and (max-width:680px){\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero-inner>h1,\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero-inner>h2,\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero-inner>p,\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero-inner>.wtwn-karel-hero-buttons{position:relative!important;top:33px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero .wtwn-karel-hero-buttons{margin-top:23px!important;gap:10px!important}\n}\n@media(max-width:480px){\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero-inner>h1,\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero-inner>h2,\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero-inner>p,\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero-inner>.wtwn-karel-hero-buttons{position:relative!important;top:17px!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero .wtwn-karel-hero-buttons{\n    display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)!important;\n    width:100%!important;margin-top:23px!important;gap:10px!important;\n  }\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero .wtwn-karel-hero-buttons .wp-block-button,\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero .wtwn-karel-hero-buttons .wp-block-button__link{width:100%!important}\n  .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-hero .wtwn-karel-hero-buttons .wp-block-button__link{min-height:44px!important;padding:12px 14px!important}\n}\n\/* === V38 only: make the photograph of the TWO original booklets substantially larger.\n   It remains the original image, without cropping or editing. *\/\n@media(min-width:1051px){\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-memoir .wtwn-karel-split{\n    max-width:1180px!important;\n    grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(470px,1fr)!important;\n    column-gap:clamp(24px,3.1vw,46px)!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books,\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books img{\n    max-width:520px!important;width:100%!important;\n  }\n}\n@media(min-width:783px) and (max-width:1050px){\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-memoir .wtwn-karel-split{\n    grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(375px,1fr)!important;\n    gap:clamp(22px,3vw,38px)!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books,\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books img{\n    max-width:465px!important;width:100%!important;\n  }\n}\n@media(min-width:621px) and (max-width:782px){\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books,\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books img{max-width:470px!important;width:100%!important}\n}\n@media(max-width:620px){\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books,\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-memoir-books img{max-width:395px!important;width:100%!important}\n}\n\/* === END V38 === *\/\n\n\n\/* === v39 \/ 26 Oct 2026 \u2014 three layout changes only; all story text and timeline intact. === *\/\n\/* A larger portrait with a subtle archival-photo angle; transform is presentational,\n   original media is not altered. Keep the caption level and readable. *\/\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-story{\n  grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(214px,238px)!important;\n  gap:clamp(29px,3.8vw,57px)!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-photo{\n  width:220px!important;max-width:220px!important;\n  justify-self:center!important;margin:0!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-age16-portrait{\n  transform:rotate(-3deg)!important;transform-origin:center!important;\n  padding:7px!important;background:#f5ebd9!important;\n  box-shadow:0 13px 25px rgba(0,0,0,.30)!important;\n  border:1px solid rgba(203,176,144,.8)!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-age16-portrait img{\n  max-height:none!important;width:100%!important;object-fit:contain!important;\n  border:0!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-photo .wtwn-karel-photo-credit{\n  margin-top:16px!important;text-align:center!important;\n}\n\/* Remove redundant dates note: notices and archival links are now immediately adjacent.\n   A slightly more compact source card avoids excessive vertical space. *\/\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel{\n  padding:16px 20px!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel p{\n  margin-bottom:7px!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notice-links,\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notice-links.wtwn-karel-source-links{\n  margin-top:7px!important;padding-top:7px!important;\n}\n\/* The original Fischbeck photo is now larger and floated within the prose,\n   so the text naturally wraps around it instead of sitting in a narrow parallel column. *\/\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-inner{\n  display:block!important;max-width:1090px!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-copy{\n  display:flow-root!important;max-width:none!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-figure{\n  float:right!important;width:45%!important;max-width:440px!important;\n  margin:3px 0 17px 31px!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-figure img{\n  width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-width:100%!important;\n  max-height:none!important;object-fit:contain!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-copy>.wtwn-karel-source-links{\n  clear:both!important;\n}\n@media(max-width:782px){\n  body .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-story{\n    grid-template-columns:1fr!important;gap:20px!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-photo{\n    width:194px!important;max-width:194px!important;\n    margin:8px 0 0 14px!important;justify-self:start!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-figure{\n    float:none!important;width:min(100%,510px)!important;max-width:510px!important;\n    margin:17px 0 23px!important;\n  }\n}\n@media(max-width:480px){\n  body .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-photo{\n    width:178px!important;max-width:178px!important;margin:8px 0 0 10px!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-figure{\n    width:100%!important;max-width:100%!important;\n  }\n}\n\/* === END v39 === *\/\n\n\n\/* === v40: no decorative paper background behind Karel's portrait; one source under each dated notice === *\/\nbody .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-age16-portrait{\n  padding:0!important;\n  background:transparent!important;\n  border:0!important;\n  box-shadow:none!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-age16-portrait img{\n  border:0!important;\n  box-shadow:0 11px 23px rgba(0,0,0,.18)!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notice-item{\n  margin:0!important;\n  padding:0 0 12px!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notice-item+.wtwn-karel-notice-item{\n  border-top:1px solid rgba(7,24,47,.16)!important;\n  padding-top:11px!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notice-item:last-child{\n  padding-bottom:0!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notice-item>p:first-child{\n  margin:0 0 3px!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notice-item>p.wtwn-karel-notice-caption{\n  margin:0!important;padding:0!important;line-height:1.5!important;font-size:12.5px!important;\n  color:#3e5365!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notice-item>p.wtwn-karel-notice-caption a{\n  text-decoration:underline!important;text-underline-offset:2px!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notice-item>p.wtwn-karel-notice-pending{\n  font-style:italic!important;color:#6a625c!important;\n}\n\/* === END v40 === *\/\n\n\n\/* === V41 \u00b7 26 October 2026 \u00b7 Approved WTWN unified horizontal grid ===\n   The other WTWN pages use the same 1640px content limit and responsive gutters:\n   desktop clamp(24px,7.2917vw,140px); tablet 48px; mobile 20px.\n   Their outer rows already have the correct gutters, but the Karel Case Study's\n   inner content was accidentally narrowed to max-width:1110px and centered,\n   making desktop side margins larger than elsewhere on the site.\n   Correct ONLY these editorial row wrappers. Hero remains byte-for-byte the same.\n   The two intentionally centered, narrow CTA\/intro panels are preserved.\n   All images, text, blocks, vertical spacing and historic interactions remain unchanged.\n*\/\nbody .wtwn-karel-page > .wtwn-karel-row:not(.wtwn-karel-hero):not(.wtwn-karel-intro):not(.wtwn-karel-contact) > .wtwn-karel-section-inner {\n  width:100%!important;\n  max-width:var(--k-max)!important;\n  margin-inline:auto!important;\n}\n\/* === END V41 unified grid correction === *\/\n\n\/* === V42: refined first-question inset and compact Liese documentation only ===\n   The unified site margins (v41), entire hero, all story copy, source URLs,\n   mobile breakpoints and the historical timeline remain unchanged. *\/\n\/* Shorten the navy panel at its right edge; keep Karel's portrait straight and\n   deliberately extending out over the warm editorial background. *\/\n@media (min-width:801px) {\n  body .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-dates-narrative {\n    width:calc(100% - 115px)!important;\n  }\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-age16-portrait {\n  transform:none!important;\n}\n\/* The right-hand archival card is wider, while the long blank space between\n   columns shrinks; copy stays aligned with the WTWN unified horizontal grid. *\/\n@media (min-width:801px) {\n  body .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-inner {\n    max-width:var(--k-max)!important;\n    grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) clamp(355px,34vw,500px)!important;\n    gap:clamp(25px,3.45vw,52px)!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-copy {\n    max-width:850px!important;\n  }\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel {\n  padding:19px 23px!important;\n  margin-top:4px!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel h3 {\n  font-size:19px!important;\n  margin-bottom:12px!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notice-item {\n  margin:0!important;\n  padding:0 0 12px!important;\n  border:0!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notice-item+.wtwn-karel-notice-item {\n  border:0!important;\n  padding-top:0!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notice-item:last-child {\n  padding-bottom:0!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notice-item>p:first-child {\n  margin:0 0 3px!important;\n  font-size:14px!important;\n  line-height:1.47!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notice-item>p.wtwn-karel-notice-caption {\n  margin:0!important;\n  padding:0!important;\n  border:0!important;\n  font-size:12.5px!important;\n  line-height:1.48!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notice-item>p.wtwn-karel-notice-caption a {\n  text-decoration:none!important;\n  font-weight:700!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notice-item>p.wtwn-karel-notice-caption a:hover,\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel .wtwn-karel-notice-item>p.wtwn-karel-notice-caption a:focus-visible {\n  text-decoration:underline!important;\n}\n@media(max-width:800px){\n  body .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-inner{gap:14px!important;}\n  body .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel{margin-top:0!important;}\n}\n\/* === END V42 === *\/\n\n\/* ==== V43: two Liese actions and a warmer, shorter Fischbeck story ==== *\/\n\/* Existing information dialog remains a functional custom HTML button. The\n   separate appeal CTA goes to the companion page planned for reader memories. *\/\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-actions{\n  display:flex!important;flex-wrap:wrap!important;align-items:stretch!important;\n  gap:11px!important;margin:14px 0 0!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-actions .wtwn-karel-liese-info-trigger,\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-actions .wtwn-karel-liese-appeal-link{\n  display:inline-flex!important;align-items:center!important;justify-content:center!important;\n  gap:7px!important;flex:0 1 auto!important;min-height:45px!important;\n  max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box!important;\n  margin:0!important;padding:11px 16px!important;border-radius:3px!important;\n  border:1px solid #896b49!important;\n  font:600 13.1px\/1.4 Montserrat,Arial,sans-serif!important;\n  text-decoration:none!important;text-align:center!important;cursor:pointer!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-actions .wtwn-karel-liese-info-trigger{\n  background:#85633e!important;color:#fff!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-actions .wtwn-karel-liese-appeal-link{\n  background:#f5eee3!important;color:#694b2d!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-actions .wtwn-karel-liese-info-trigger:hover{\n  background:#6d4f30!important;color:#fff!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-actions .wtwn-karel-liese-appeal-link:hover{\n  background:#eadbc6!important;color:#52391f!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-actions :is(button,a):focus-visible{\n  outline:3px solid #031833!important;outline-offset:3px!important;\n}\n\/* This full-width band deliberately uses a light warm brown, rather than the\n   near-paper background. Preserve the approved WTWN left\/right section grid. *\/\nbody .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-row.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-story:not(.wtwn-karel-hero):not(.wtwn-karel-intro):not(.wtwn-karel-contact){\n  background:#e8dccb!important;\n  border-top:1px solid #d3c2ac!important;\n  border-bottom:1px solid #d3c2ac!important;\n}\n\/* Vertical rhythm: retain visible paragraph separation, remove excessive dead\n   air around the floated historical photo and the source note. *\/\nbody .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-story>.wtwn-karel-section-inner{\n  padding-top:25px!important;padding-bottom:34px!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-copy>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){\n  margin-bottom:11px!important;line-height:1.58!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-copy>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow)+p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){\n  margin-top:0!important;\n}\n\/* The photo projects 20-35 px ABOVE the brown band on large viewports but\n   does not overlap Liese's three source notices; mobile remains in normal flow. *\/\n@media(min-width:1100px){\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-figure{\n    margin-top:-125px!important;\n    margin-bottom:15px!important;\n    box-shadow:0 13px 25px rgba(54,41,25,.17)!important;\n  }\n}\n@media(min-width:801px) and (max-width:1099px){\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-figure{\n    margin-top:-70px!important;\n    margin-bottom:14px!important;\n    box-shadow:0 10px 22px rgba(54,41,25,.15)!important;\n  }\n}\n@media(max-width:800px){\n  body .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-actions{gap:10px!important;margin-top:13px!important;}\n  body .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-actions :is(button,a){\n    width:100%!important;flex:1 1 100%!important;justify-content:center!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-story>.wtwn-karel-section-inner{\n    padding-top:24px!important;padding-bottom:29px!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-figure{\n    margin-top:7px!important;margin-bottom:15px!important;\n    box-shadow:0 8px 20px rgba(54,41,25,.15)!important;\n  }\n}\n\/* ==== End V43 ==== *\/\n\n\n\/* V44 \u2014 only date-column offset + inset brown Fischbeck panel.\n   Match the preceding navy card: background on an inset content panel,\n   with a vertically centred straight photo projecting to the right. *\/\n@media(min-width:851px){\n body .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-panel{margin-top:37px!important;}\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-row.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-story:not(.wtwn-karel-hero):not(.wtwn-karel-intro):not(.wtwn-karel-contact){\n background:#f2eee7!important; border:0!important;\n}\n@media(min-width:1170px){\n body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-story>.wtwn-karel-section-inner{\n  display:block!important;position:relative!important;isolation:isolate!important;\n  box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow:visible!important;\n  padding:36px 0 36px!important;min-height:0!important;background:transparent!important;\n }\n body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-story>.wtwn-karel-section-inner::before{\n  content:''!important;display:block!important;position:absolute!important;\n  left:0!important;top:0!important;bottom:0!important;right:205px!important;\n  z-index:-1!important;background:#e8dccb!important;\n }\n body .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-copy{\n  position:static!important;display:block!important;\n  width:calc(100% - 455px)!important;max-width:none!important;\n  padding:0 0 0 32px!important;box-sizing:border-box!important;\n }\n body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-figure{\n  float:none!important;position:absolute!important;top:50%!important;right:0!important;\n  transform:translateY(-50%)!important;\n  width:440px!important;max-width:440px!important;\n  margin:0!important;padding:0!important;z-index:2!important;\n  box-shadow:0 12px 22px rgba(54,41,25,.18)!important;\n }\n}\n@media(max-width:1169px){\n body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-story>.wtwn-karel-section-inner{\n  display:block!important;position:relative!important;isolation:isolate!important;\n  padding:28px 25px 30px!important;box-sizing:border-box!important;\n  background:#e8dccb!important;overflow:visible!important;\n }\n body .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-fischbeck-copy{width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;display:flow-root!important;}\n body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-figure{\n  position:relative!important;float:right!important;top:auto!important;right:auto!important;\n  transform:none!important;display:block!important;width:min(46%,400px)!important;\n  max-width:400px!important;margin:4px 0 12px 22px!important;\n  box-shadow:0 9px 20px rgba(54,41,25,.13)!important;\n }\n}\n@media(max-width:680px){\n body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-story>.wtwn-karel-section-inner{\n  padding:24px 20px 27px!important;\n }\n body .wtwn-karel-page figure.wtwn-karel-fischbeck-figure{\n  float:none!important;width:100%!important;max-width:100%!important;\n  margin:12px 0 18px!important;box-shadow:0 8px 18px rgba(54,41,25,.13)!important;\n }\n}\n\/* End V44 *\/\n\n\/* === V45 \u2014 only Following the Records \/ archival evidence row. ===\n   Site palette replaces the blue-grey background; the archival document is\n   featured at large size on the right. 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When I started researching his stories in more detail I discovered that some of the events he remembered so clearly had happened differently from how he described them.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons wtwn-karel-hero-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button wtwn-karel-hero-download\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"\/youth-memories-karel\/#read-the-memoir\">Download the memoir<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button wtwn-karel-hero-share\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"\/contact\/\">Share a story or question<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull wtwn-karel-row wtwn-karel-intro is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-section-inner wtwn-karel-intro-inner is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-intro-mark wp-block-paragraph\">________<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finding documented facts is a first step; discovering the stories behind these facts is the journey.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I thought I knew my father\u2019s wartime history. What I discovered gave me a much deeper understanding of his experiences \u2014 but also raised questions I had never thought to ask.<\/p>\n\n\n<nav class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-chapter-nav is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-chapter-caption wp-block-paragraph\">IN THIS STORY<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-chapter-links wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#wtwn-karel-memoir\">The memoir<\/a><a href=\"#wtwn-karel-liese\">The Liese-Aktion<\/a><a href=\"#wtwn-karel-journey\">The journey<\/a><a href=\"#wtwn-karel-timeline\">Two timelines<\/a><a href=\"#wtwn-karel-sixty\">Looking back<\/a><a href=\"#wtwn-karel-kampen\">A shock<\/a><a href=\"#wtwn-karel-publication\">The publication<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/nav>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull wtwn-karel-row wtwn-karel-memoir is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" id=\"wtwn-karel-memoir\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-section-inner wtwn-karel-split is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-memoir-copy is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-eyebrow wp-block-paragraph\">THE STARTING POINT<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Two books and his memory<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">My father, Karel van Elmpt (1927\u20132008), was a teenager in Amsterdam during the occupation. Towards the end of his life, he wrote a short memoir of those years. Two versions of his account survive.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the end of the war he had to work for the Germans, but the memoir covers far more than his journey to Germany. He describes what life was like during the German occupation in Amsterdam and his own struggles, including the loss of both his parents during the war. This case study follows how, at seventeen, he came to be sent away for forced labour.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full wtwn-karel-memoir-books\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/karel-van-elmpt-jeugdherinneringen-1940-1948-two-editions-exact.webp\" alt=\"Two editions of Jeugdherinneringen (1940\u20131948), the wartime memoirs of Karel van Elmpt\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull wtwn-karel-row wtwn-karel-dates is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-section-inner wtwn-karel-dates-story is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-dates-narrative is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-eyebrow wp-block-paragraph\">THE FIRST QUESTION<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Some things did not add up<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Karel recalls that, on turning seventeen, he had no choice but to register and then report a few weeks later for work somewhere in Germany. He describes the journey he was forced to undertake in detail.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When I began my research, it seemed that he must have been caught up in the \u201cLiese-Aktion\u201d, during which the Germans tried to conscript as many able-bodied men as possible. There was only one problem: according to my father, his journey had begun about three weeks before the Liese transports.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I couldn\u2019t find anything happening around the dates my dad mentioned, so I needed to look further.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-dates-photo is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full wtwn-karel-age16-portrait\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/karel-van-elmpt-age-16-wartime-portrait.webp\" alt=\"Portrait of Karel van Elmpt at the age of sixteen, wearing round glasses\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-photo-credit wp-block-paragraph\">Karel van Elmpt, aged 16.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull wtwn-karel-row wtwn-karel-liese is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" id=\"wtwn-karel-liese\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-section-inner wtwn-karel-liese-inner is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-liese-copy is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-eyebrow wp-block-paragraph\">HISTORICAL BACKGROUND<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Liese-Aktion<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Liese-Aktion was a German operation to conscript Dutch men for forced labour, named after its organiser, Hermann Liese. In Amsterdam, men born between 1905 and 1928 were ordered to register. The calls began in December 1944; the departures followed in January.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Dutch government in exile urged people to resist the operation. In Amsterdam, resistance groups distributed notices and sabotaged the registration. The Liese-Aktion ultimately failed to achieve its objectives: around 50,000 men registered nationwide, but only a fraction were actually sent to work.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wtwn-karel-liese-actions\">\n<button type=\"button\" class=\"wtwn-karel-liese-info-trigger\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-controls=\"wtwn-karel-liese-explainer\">More about the Liese-Aktion <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/button>\n<a class=\"wtwn-karel-liese-appeal-link\" href=\"\/youth-memories-karel\/\">What do you know about the Liese Aktion <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-liese-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Amsterdam notices<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-notice-item is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>14 December 1944<\/strong> \u2014 first calls were posted.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-notice-item is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>29 December 1944<\/strong> \u2014 men were told to register between 5 and 8 January.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-source-links wtwn-karel-notice-links wtwn-karel-notice-caption wp-block-paragraph\">Read the original registration notice: <a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/liese-aktion-arbeidsinzet-aufruf-oproep-29-december-1944.webp\">29 December 1944 \u2197<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-notice-item is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>17 January 1945<\/strong> \u2014 a further notice ordered registered men to report to the Apollohal on 20, 21 or 22 January.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-source-links wtwn-karel-notice-links wtwn-karel-notice-caption wp-block-paragraph\">Read the original Apollohal reporting notice: <a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/liese-aktion-oproep-arbeidsinzet-17-januari-1945-apollohal.webp\">17 January 1945 \u2197<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull wtwn-karel-row wtwn-karel-fischbeck-story is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" id=\"wtwn-karel-journey\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-section-inner wtwn-karel-fischbeck-inner is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-fischbeck-copy is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-eyebrow wp-block-paragraph\">FOLLOWING KAREL\u2019S ACCOUNT<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The journey to Fischbeck<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full wtwn-karel-fischbeck-figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/fischbeck-karel-van-elmpt-accommodation-building-photograph.webp\" alt=\"Original photograph of the accommodation building in Fischbeck where Karel van Elmpt stayed during wartime forced labour\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The building in Fischbeck where Karel stayed during the war, photographed during a later return visit.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to his account, Karel first spent several days at the Levantkade in Amsterdam before travelling by train to Kampen in the freezing cold. There, too, he stayed for a while in a barracks before being transported to Germany.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On that journey, while waiting near Hannover (he thought it was Hamburg), he clearly heard a major bombing raid. After passing through a camp in Lehrte, he arrived in Fischbeck, a small village on the River Elbe, where he had to work on a railway until his liberation.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Daily weather reports are still available, and they show that the severe cold Karel describes came at the end of January. There are also reliable records of bombing raids in Germany. I found another notice, too, instructing men who had already registered to report to the Apollohal between 20 and 22 January. After a long search, which I describe in more detail in the book, I was able to reconstruct how and when he made his journey.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-source-links wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Research sources:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.knmi.nl\/over-het-knmi\/nieuws\/het-weer-in-de-hongerwinter-1944-1945\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KNMI: weather in January 1945 \u2197<\/a><span class=\"wtwn-karel-source-sep\">\u00b7<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ww2aircraft.net\/forum\/threads\/raf-bomber-command-diary-jan-1945.635\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RAF Bomber Command diary transcript, 4\u20135 February \u2197<\/a>. On the diary page, look for the entry headed \u201c4\/5 February 1945\u201d (despite \u201cJan 1945\u201d in the page title). These records establish historical context, not Karel\u2019s individual movements.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull wtwn-karel-row wtwn-karel-register-story is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-section-inner wtwn-karel-register-inner is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full wtwn-karel-register-photo\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/charles-van-elmpt-arbeidsbureau-amsterdam-1945.webp\" alt=\"1945 Amsterdam employment bureau document in the name of C. M. van Elmpt, brother of Karel van Elmpt\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A document from the Amsterdam regional employment bureau bearing the name C. M. van Elmpt, Karel\u2019s brother. <a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/charles-van-elmpt-arbeidsbureau-amsterdam-1945.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Enlarge the document \u2197<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-register-copy is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-eyebrow wp-block-paragraph\">FOLLOWING THE RECORDS<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A missing piece of evidence<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not finding evidence does not mean it isn\u2019t there. My father was very convincing when he recalled the dates of his journey, about three weeks before the Liese-Aktion. At first I could find no notices or other records to support his dates, but I assumed I simply needed to keep looking.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then I began to realise how unlikely it was that a separate, completely undocumented \u201cKarel Action\u201d had still been under way when the Liese-Aktion began. Why tell men to register and report for work again when you had just done the same in an operation that was not even finished? That made no sense.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then I found the registration records of Karel\u2019s two brothers. Both were dated 5 January 1945, during the Liese-Aktion. According to Karel, they had travelled to Germany a few weeks before him. Now I had another important clue. The dates he remembered were probably wrong, but the other details of his journey fitted the surviving evidence remarkably well.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull wtwn-karel-row wtwn-karel-timeline is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" id=\"wtwn-karel-timeline\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-section-inner is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-eyebrow wp-block-paragraph\">DECEMBER 1944 \u2013 FEBRUARY 1945<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Two Timelines<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Karel\u2019s dates and those reconstructed by me side by side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-dual-grid is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-dual-card is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-head wp-block-paragraph\">01 \/ REGISTRATION<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-memory is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-label wp-block-paragraph\">KAREL\u2019S RECOLLECTION<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-date wp-block-paragraph\">Early December 1944<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-explain wp-block-paragraph\">Karel said he had registered in December.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-research is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-label wp-block-paragraph\">RECONSTRUCTION<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-date wp-block-paragraph\">6\u20137 January 1945<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-explain wp-block-paragraph\">His brothers registered on 5 January. I believe Karel followed a day or two later.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-source wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/liese-aktion-arbeidsinzet-aufruf-oproep-29-december-1944.webp\" class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-document\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">29 December registration notice \u2197<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-dual-card is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-head wp-block-paragraph\">02 \/ CALL TO REPORT<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-memory is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-label wp-block-paragraph\">KAREL\u2019S RECOLLECTION<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-date wp-block-paragraph\">18 or 19 December 1944<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-explain wp-block-paragraph\">He remembered seeing the instruction to report to the Apollohal.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-research is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-label wp-block-paragraph\">RECONSTRUCTION<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-date wp-block-paragraph\">17 January 1945<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-explain wp-block-paragraph\">The surviving notice called registered men to the Apollohal on 20\u201322 January.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-source wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/liese-aktion-oproep-arbeidsinzet-17-januari-1945-apollohal.webp\" class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-document\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">17 January Apollohal notice \u2197<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-dual-card is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-head wp-block-paragraph\">03 \/ APOLLOHAL TO LEVANTKADE<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-memory is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-label wp-block-paragraph\">KAREL\u2019S RECOLLECTION<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-date wp-block-paragraph\">3 January 1945<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-explain wp-block-paragraph\">He remembered leaving the Apollohal for the Levantkade on this date.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-research is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-label wp-block-paragraph\">RECONSTRUCTION<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-date wp-block-paragraph\">20\u201322 January 1945<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-explain wp-block-paragraph\">Likely Apollohal and Levantkade. By 26\u201327 January, onward to Kampen by train.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-source wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.knmi.nl\/over-het-knmi\/nieuws\/het-weer-in-de-hongerwinter-1944-1945\" class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-document\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KNMI: late-January cold \u2197<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-dual-card is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-head wp-block-paragraph\">04 \/ ARRIVAL IN FISCHBECK<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-memory is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-label wp-block-paragraph\">KAREL\u2019S RECOLLECTION<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-date wp-block-paragraph\">7 or 14 January 1945<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-explain wp-block-paragraph\">The date he recalled for reaching his destination.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-research is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-label wp-block-paragraph\">RECONSTRUCTION<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-date wp-block-paragraph\">5 February 1945<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-dual-explain wp-block-paragraph\">After the journey via Lehrte; his first working day was probably 6 February.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons wtwn-karel-appendix-actions is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#wtwn-karel-appendix-2-dialog\">Detailed reconstruction \u2197<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<dialog class=\"wtwn-karel-appendix-dialog\" id=\"wtwn-karel-appendix-2-dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"wtwn-karel-appendix-2-title\">\n  <header class=\"wtwn-karel-appendix-dialog-head\"><h2 id=\"wtwn-karel-appendix-2-title\" style=\"color:#fff!important;font-size:clamp(19px,2.2vw,25px)!important;margin:0!important\">The reconstructed journey<\/h2><button class=\"wtwn-karel-appendix-close\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Close reconstruction\" title=\"Close (Esc)\">\u00d7<\/button><\/header>\n  <div class=\"wtwn-karel-appendix-dialog-body\">\n    <div data-content-status=\"complete\" class=\"wtwn-karel-appendix-content\">\n<h3>A Reconstruction of Karel\u2019s Journey to Germany<\/h3>\n<p>When I began investigating the circumstances of my father\u2019s journey to Germany, I soon came across the Liese-Aktion. It immediately seemed clear that this was the operation in which he had been caught up. But his account contained several details that did not match the documented events. He writes that he saw the first summons in early December and was required to register. According to his account, posters were then put up on 18 or 19 December instructing him to report to the Apollohal on 3 January, where his journey began. This was about a month before the Liese-Aktion took place in Amsterdam. He gives these dates explicitly and with conviction, so I initially assumed that he must, after all, have been involved in a different operation.<\/p>\n<p>3 January was a Wednesday. He describes spending several days at the Levantkade, leaving by train for Kampen on Friday afternoon, remaining there for several more days and leaving again on Saturday afternoon. He then found himself caught in a bombing raid on Hamburg that evening, spent a night in Lehrte and travelled onwards to Fischbeck, arriving in the evening. According to his booklets, the next day was a Sunday and he had the day off. Again, he specifies the days and even the hours at which events occurred, but when these are put in sequence, they cannot be right.<\/p>\n<p>The precise days and times may have faded from memory over sixty years, but that need not be true of his memories of the events themselves. He describes terrible cold and deep snow throughout the journey. Daily weather reports have survived, and they show that the first weeks of January 1945 were nowhere near that cold. Conditions were quite different towards the end of the month, when temperatures remained well below freezing for an extended period.<\/p>\n<p>He also describes a bombing raid on Hamburg. But that city is a considerable detour on the way to Lehrte, and closer investigation shows that Hamburg was not subjected to major bombing raids in January. Hanover, by contrast, was attacked several times. It seems likely that he confused the two cities, either at the time or later.<\/p>\n<p>He also says that he arrived in Fischbeck on a Saturday and had the next day off because it was Sunday. This proved to be the biggest puzzle. I could not reconcile it with the other events for which I had established dates.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, Karel does not appear on any known list, and no independent evidence has yet been found confirming when he was assigned to which transport. His brothers, however, do appear in the records, and I was able to confirm that they registered for labour deployment on 5 January. Karel writes that they registered before he did and that he remained at home for a while afterwards: another indication that his dates could not be correct. I also found the poster summoning him to the Apollohal. It was dated 17 January, not 18 or 19 December as he had written.<\/p>\n<p>The breakthrough came when I rediscovered his earlier account, in which he had written a short summary of his experiences in Germany. It contained several important differences from the booklets he wrote later. He says that he was supposed to report to the Apollohal on 2 January (also incorrect, but already revealing some uncertainty about his own timeline), that the journey from Kampen to Germany took three days, and that he had to begin work on his first day in Fischbeck after registering. With this new information, I was finally able to reconstruct his journey with confidence.<\/p>\n<p>There were no summonses in Amsterdam during December and January other than those associated with the Liese-Aktion. Overlapping operations would not have made sense either: who would have been expected to respond to which summons? The most likely sequence of events is therefore as follows:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wtwn-karel-app-list\">\n<li>5 January: Jan and Charles register at the Spieghelschool. The building is set on fire that same evening.<\/li>\n<li>6 or 7 January: Karel registers at the Koningin Emmaschool.<\/li>\n<li>17 January: The summons to report to the Apollohal is published.<\/li>\n<li>20, 21 or 22 January: Karel goes to the Apollohal and from there to the Levantkade. By then it really is bitterly cold.<\/li>\n<li>26 January (Friday): He leaves by train for Kampen, arriving on 27 January. This transport is described by Loe de Jong.<\/li>\n<li>2 February (Friday): He leaves for Germany in a train that moves at a crawl, taking three days to reach Lehrte.<\/li>\n<li>4 February: Hanover is bombed by fifty Mosquito aircraft.<\/li>\n<li>5 February: Karel finally arrives in Fischbeck.<\/li>\n<li>6 February (Tuesday): His first day at work.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>My father\u2019s account can therefore be made to fit the evidence quite well if we set aside his original dates and follow the logical sequence of events. It is hardly surprising that, after all those years, he got the dates wrong. Even so, it is remarkable how definite and precise he often was, including when his recollections of the times could not have been correct.<\/p>\n<p>It was fascinating to piece all this together. But above all, I was relieved that I had been able to reconstruct his journey and that all the evidence indicated that he had indeed been sent to Germany as a labourer under the Liese-Aktion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/dialog>\n<script>\n(function(){\n  'use strict';\n  function initAppendix2(){\n    var root=document.querySelector('.wtwn-karel-page');\n    if(!root || root.dataset.appendix2Ready || typeof HTMLDialogElement==='undefined') return;\n    var trigger=root.querySelector('.wtwn-karel-appendix-actions .wp-block-button__link');\n    var dialog=root.querySelector('#wtwn-karel-appendix-2-dialog');\n    if(!trigger || !dialog) return;\n    root.dataset.appendix2Ready='true';\n    var close=dialog.querySelector('.wtwn-karel-appendix-close');\n    trigger.addEventListener('click',function(e){e.preventDefault();dialog.showModal();close.focus();});\n    close.addEventListener('click',function(){dialog.close();});\n    dialog.addEventListener('click',function(e){if(e.target===dialog) dialog.close();});\n    dialog.addEventListener('close',function(){trigger.focus({preventScroll:true});});\n  }\n  if(document.readyState==='loading') document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',initAppendix2);\n  else initAppendix2();\n})();\n<\/script>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull wtwn-karel-row wtwn-karel-sixty is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" id=\"wtwn-karel-sixty\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-section-inner wtwn-karel-sixty-inner is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-sixty-copy is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-eyebrow wp-block-paragraph\">REVISITING HIS MEMORIES<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Almost sixty years later<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">My father wrote his account almost sixty years after the events. Getting a date wrong after all these years is understandable. Even so, I was uneasy about how definite and precise he was \u2014 and about the fact that his dates seemed to place the journey three or four weeks too early.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then I came across an earlier, shorter account of his experiences. He had written it after revisiting places where he had stayed during the war. He made three such journeys before writing his later memoir. There were important differences between that account and his later memoirs, such as the day and circumstances of his arrival.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I describe those differences in the third edition of his memoir. Comparing the two accounts made me more confident about this reconstruction: he remembered what had happened, but his recollection of the sequence and dates appears to have shifted over the years.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-sixty-media is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full wtwn-karel-sixty-figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/karel-van-elmpt-bij-de-rivier-fischbeck-familiefoto.webp\" alt=\"Karel van Elmpt standing by a river near Fischbeck\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This is where Karel crossed the river Elbe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull wtwn-karel-row wtwn-karel-kampen is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" id=\"wtwn-karel-kampen\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-section-inner wtwn-karel-kampen-inner is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-kampen-top is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-kampen-story is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-eyebrow wp-block-paragraph\">A HISTORICAL SOURCE \u00b7 KAMPEN<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A shock<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-kampen-intro wp-block-paragraph\">My father wrote very little about his days in the barracks in Kampen. He was bored, and there was a lot of complaining, but little else. So I was shocked when I came across a passage in Dr Loe de Jong\u2019s history describing the appalling conditions in those barracks at the end of January. My reconstruction places Karel there at precisely that time, and I believe he arrived on one of the trains described.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-kampen-intro wp-block-paragraph\">Did he leave the details of what he may have endured and witnessed there out on purpose, or had it all been so traumatising that he (unconsciously) had blocked it from his memory? In any case, it was a reminder for me that when you start digging in the past you should do so carefully, for you don\u2019t know what you might find.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full wtwn-karel-kampen-bookfigure\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/loe-de-jong-kampen-january-1945-open-book-transparent.webp\" alt=\"Open copy of Loe de Jong\u2019s history showing his account of labour transports arriving in Kampen, printed page 139\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Loe de Jong\u2019s account of Kampen, photographed printed edition, p. 139. <a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/loe-de-jong-kampen-january-1945-open-book-transparent.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Enlarge page \u2197<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details wtwn-karel-kampen-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Read an English rendering of Loe de Jong\u2019s account (pp. 144\u2013145)<\/summary>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is not known exactly how many men were obtained for labour through the round-ups carried out after 8 January. Some of these men were transported onward through Kampen. At the Van Heutsz barracks alone, between 27 January and 14 February, 2,500 men were admitted and given food before being sent on.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Dr W. J. Kolff, a doctor in Kampen, the worst transport to reach Kampen arrived by train from Amsterdam on 27 January and the days that followed. It consisted largely of \u2018children\u2019 \u2014 that is, boys between fifteen and eighteen \u2014 who arrived in Kampen \u2018half-starved\u2019 and \u2018poorly dressed\u2019. Twenty had frozen feet.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alongside these men from Amsterdam, the Van Heutsz barracks also housed men from The Hague, Gouda, Haarlem, Hilversum, Utrecht, Amersfoort and several smaller towns at the end of January.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As recounted by B. A. Sijes from a report Dr Kolff sent to the mayor of Kampen on 30 January, most of the men had reported for duty. The others \u2014 \u2018a fairly large percentage\u2019 \u2014 had been seized in the street or taken from their homes without being given the chance to take essential belongings or have them brought afterwards. Some men\u2019s bare feet protruded through their shoes, although they had better footwear at home. Many had no blanket. The number of sick men rose alarmingly from day to day. There was severe dysentery and a particularly large number of men heavily infested with lice. Lice were crawling up the walls of the bathrooms. There were also men with serious stomach ulcers or epilepsy, one almost blind man, one almost completely deaf man, a tuberculosis patient, three men with diphtheria, and a very large number suffering from influenza.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-source-note wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Loe de Jong, Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog, vol. 10b, Het laatste jaar II, first half, pp. 144\u2013145.<\/em> English rendering of the passage, with the longer quotations from Dr W. J. Kolff paraphrased pending rights review. De Jong refers to Kolff\u2019s recollections (p. 19) and B. A. Sijes, <em>De arbeidsinzet<\/em> (pp. 593\u2013594). Original edition: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.niod.nl\/en\/publications\/the-kingdom-of-the-netherlands-in-the-second-world-war\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NIOD collection<\/a>. The linked digital file is listed on Wikimedia Commons under CC BY 3.0 Unported; embedded third-party quotations may be subject to separate rights.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-source-links wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Read the documents:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:L._de_Jong_-_Het_Koninkrijk_der_Nederlanden_in_de_Tweede_Wereldoorlog_1939-1945_Deel_10b_Het_laatste_jaar_eerste_helft.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Loe de Jong, vol. 10b, digitised book \u2197<\/a><span class=\"wtwn-karel-source-sep\">\u00b7<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stadsarchiefkampen.nl\/meer-weten-over\/pronkstukken\/item\/pronkstuk-brief-dokter-kolff\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stadsarchief Kampen: Kolff\u2019s letter (archive description) \u2197<\/a>. The Kampen source provides context for conditions at the barracks; it does not document Karel\u2019s presence. The book photographed above shows printed p. 139; pagination differs between editions.<\/p>\n\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-kampen-fact wp-block-paragraph\">De Jong and Kolff describe groups of men and boys in Kampen; they do not identify Karel individually. The connection to his journey is my reconstruction.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"wtwn-karel-reflection\" class=\"wp-block-group alignfull wtwn-karel-row wtwn-karel-reflection is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-section-inner wtwn-karel-reflection-inner is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-reflection-copy is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-eyebrow wp-block-paragraph\">A PERSONAL REFLECTION<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What this research has given me<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Towards the end of his life, my father often talked about his experiences during the war and his work in Germany. I assumed he had been forced to do what so many others his age had to do, and that there would be no way to trace his particular journey. This research has shown me how much can still be found, especially as archives become more accessible. I can now place documents, dates and other people\u2019s accounts alongside his memories \u2014 and see more clearly what may have happened to him.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are still questions I cannot answer, particularly about the camp in Fischbeck and the other men caught up in the Liese-Aktion. I will keep looking. Perhaps other families have memories or documents that can add to the story.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">His memoir is about much more than this journey and his work in Germany. It is a moving account of a teenager living through the war in Amsterdam. I am grateful he wrote it down, and that I am now able to share it with anyone who is interested.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full wtwn-karel-reflection-photo\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/fischbeck-karel-van-elmpt-huis-2017.webp\" alt=\"The house in Fischbeck where Karel stayed, photographed in 2017\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The house in Fischbeck, 2017.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull wtwn-karel-row wtwn-karel-book is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" id=\"wtwn-karel-publication\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-section-inner wtwn-karel-book-inner is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full wtwn-karel-publication-cover\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/karel-van-elmpt-memories-of-my-youth-1940-1948-english-edition-cover.webp\" alt=\"Cover of Memories of My Youth (1940\u20131948) by Karel van Elmpt, third edition with commentary by Martin van Elmpt\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Cover of the English-language edition of <em>Memories of My Youth (1940\u20131948)<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wtwn-karel-book-copy is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-eyebrow wp-block-paragraph\">THE MEMOIR \u00b7 THIRD EDITION<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">His memoir, including my research<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">My father first published <em>Jeugdherinneringen (1940\u20131948)<\/em> for family and friends in 2002. This expanded third edition brings his memories together with photographs, historical notes and two studies of the Liese-Aktion and his journey to Germany.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Read his account in the original Dutch, or in the English translation, <em>Memories of My Youth (1940\u20131948)<\/em>. Both editions are available as free PDF downloads.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wtwn-karel-publication-meta wp-block-paragraph\">Third, expanded edition \u00b7 October 2026 \u00b7 Published by Geef Je Uit<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons wtwn-karel-book-actions is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"\/youth-memories-karel\/#read-the-memoir\">Read or download the memoir \u2197<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<dialog id=\"wtwn-karel-book-download-dialog\" class=\"wtwn-karel-book-download-dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"wtwn-karel-book-dialog-title\">\n  <header class=\"wtwn-karel-book-dialog-head\">\n    <h2 id=\"wtwn-karel-book-dialog-title\">Read the memoir<\/h2>\n    <button class=\"wtwn-karel-book-dialog-close\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Close book downloads\">\u00d7<\/button>\n  <\/header>\n  <div class=\"wtwn-karel-book-dialog-body\">\n    <p class=\"wtwn-karel-book-dialog-lead\">Choose the Dutch or English edition to continue to the separate memoir page, where the downloads are managed.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"wtwn-karel-book-edition-grid\">\n      <section class=\"wtwn-karel-book-edition\">\n        <p class=\"edition-label\">Original Dutch edition<\/p>\n        <h3>Jeugdherinneringen (1940\u20131948)<\/h3>\n        <p>Karel\u2019s memories in their original language, with historical research and commentary.<\/p>\n        <!-- Edition link leads to the separate Karel memoir page, where the download files are managed. -->\n        <button class=\"wtwn-karel-download-choice\" type=\"button\" data-download-url=\"\/youth-memories-karel\/#read-the-memoir\" data-edition=\"Dutch\">Go to Dutch edition \u2197<\/button>\n      <\/section>\n      <section class=\"wtwn-karel-book-edition\">\n        <p class=\"edition-label\">English translation<\/p>\n        <h3>Memories of My Youth (1940\u20131948)<\/h3>\n        <p>The complete memoir and research, in English translation.<\/p>\n        <!-- Edition link leads to the separate Karel memoir page, where the download files are managed. -->\n        <button class=\"wtwn-karel-download-choice\" type=\"button\" data-download-url=\"\/youth-memories-karel\/#read-the-memoir\" data-edition=\"English\">Go to English edition \u2197<\/button>\n      <\/section>\n    <\/div>\n    <p class=\"wtwn-karel-download-status\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/dialog>\n<script>\n(function(){\n  function init(){\n    const root=document.querySelector('.wtwn-karel-page');\n    if(!root) return;\n    const modal=root.querySelector('#wtwn-karel-book-download-dialog');\n    const trigger=root.querySelector('.wtwn-karel-book-actions a[href=\"#wtwn-karel-book-download-dialog\"]');\n    if(!modal || !trigger || modal.dataset.wtwnReady==='1') return;\n    modal.dataset.wtwnReady='1';\n    const close=modal.querySelector('.wtwn-karel-book-dialog-close');\n    const status=modal.querySelector('.wtwn-karel-download-status');\n    let savedScroll=0;\n    function open(ev){\n      if(ev)ev.preventDefault();\n      savedScroll=window.scrollY;\n      if(status) status.textContent='';\n      if(typeof modal.showModal==='function')modal.showModal();else modal.setAttribute('open','');\n      if(close)close.focus({preventScroll:true});\n    }\n    function dismiss(){if(typeof modal.close==='function')modal.close();else modal.removeAttribute('open');}\n    trigger.addEventListener('click',open);\n    close.addEventListener('click',dismiss);\n    modal.addEventListener('click',function(e){if(e.target===modal)dismiss();});\n    modal.addEventListener('close',function(){trigger.focus({preventScroll:true});window.scrollTo(0,savedScroll);});\n    modal.querySelectorAll('.wtwn-karel-download-choice').forEach(function(button){\n      button.addEventListener('click',function(){\n        const url=(button.getAttribute('data-download-url')||'').trim();\n        if(!url){if(status)status.textContent='This download link has not yet been connected.';return;}\n        if(!\/^https?:\\\/\\\/|^\\\/\/i.test(url)){if(status)status.textContent='This download link needs a valid URL.';return;}\n        window.open(url,'_blank','noopener,noreferrer');\n      });\n    });\n  }\n  if(document.readyState==='loading')document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',init);else init();\n})();\n<\/script>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<style>\n\/* v33 \u2014 Liese-Aktion booklet explanation (placeholder; 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.wtwn-karel-kampen-top>details.wtwn-karel-kampen-panel[open]>summary::after{content:'\u2212'!important;}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-top>details.wtwn-karel-kampen-panel[open]{\n  background:#f9f6f0!important;border:1px solid #a58967!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-top>details.wtwn-karel-kampen-panel>p{\n  color:#183249!important;background:#f9f6f0!important;\n  margin:0!important;max-width:none!important;\n  font-size:14.2px!important;line-height:1.72!important;\n  padding:13px 19px 0!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-top>details.wtwn-karel-kampen-panel>p:last-of-type{\n  padding-bottom:18px!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-top>details.wtwn-karel-kampen-panel .wtwn-karel-source-links{\n  color:#183249!important;\n}\n@media(max-width:560px){\n body .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-kampen-top>details.wtwn-karel-kampen-panel>summary{\n  font-size:12.1px!important;padding:10px 36px 10px 12px!important;\n }\n}\n\/* === END V47 === *\/\n\n\/* === V49: in-card source evidence, Appendix 2 popup, memory-photo mat === *\/\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-source{\n  margin:10px 0 0!important;line-height:1.4!important;font-size:12px!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-source a{\n  color:#e6c28d!important;text-decoration:underline!important;text-underline-offset:3px;\n  font-weight:600!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-source a:hover,\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-source a:focus-visible{color:#fff!important}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-appendix-actions{\n  margin:18px 0 0!important;justify-content:flex-start!important;gap:0!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-appendix-actions .wp-block-button__link{\n  display:inline-flex!important;background:#85633e!important;color:#fff!important;\n  font-size:13.3px!important;line-height:1.3!important;font-weight:600!important;\n  border:1px solid #85633e!important;border-radius:3px!important;\n  padding:11px 17px!important;box-shadow:none!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-appendix-actions .wp-block-button__link:hover,\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-appendix-actions .wp-block-button__link:focus-visible{\n  background:#64482c!important;outline:2px solid #cbb090!important;outline-offset:2px;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page dialog.wtwn-karel-appendix-dialog{\n  position:fixed!important;inset:0!important;box-sizing:border-box!important;\n  width:min(94vw,760px)!important;max-width:760px!important;max-height:88dvh!important;\n  margin:auto!important;padding:0!important;overflow-y:auto!important;\n  border:1px solid #cbb090!important;background:#f6f1e9!important;color:#031833!important;\n  box-shadow:0 24px 70px rgba(0,0,0,.38)!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page dialog.wtwn-karel-appendix-dialog:not([open]){display:none!important}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page dialog.wtwn-karel-appendix-dialog::backdrop{background:rgba(3,12,23,.78)!important}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-appendix-dialog-head{\n  display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;\n  background:#031833;padding:14px 20px!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-appendix-dialog-head h2{\n  font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,24px)!important;color:#fff!important;margin:0!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-appendix-close{\n  flex:0 0 auto;background:transparent!important;border:1px solid #cbb090!important;\n  color:#fff!important;font-size:23px;line-height:1;cursor:pointer;padding:4px 10px;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-appendix-dialog-body{padding:22px 27px!important}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-appendix-dialog-body p{\n  color:#183249!important;font-size:15.5px!important;line-height:1.65!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-appendix-content{\n  border-top:1px solid #d2bea5!important;margin-top:20px;padding-top:14px;\n}\n\/* Keep the established soft photo treatment, with the warm mat extending visibly below it. *\/\nbody .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty .wtwn-karel-sixty-media{\n  background:#e9ddce!important;padding:13px 13px 31px!important;\n  box-sizing:border-box!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty figure.wtwn-karel-sixty-figure{\n  margin:0!important;width:100%!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty figure.wtwn-karel-sixty-figure figcaption{\n  margin:12px 0 0!important;background:#e9ddce!important;\n  font-size:12px!important;font-weight:500!important;color:#4a3c30!important;\n}\n@media(max-width:650px){\n body .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-appendix-actions .wp-block-button__link{font-size:12.6px!important}\n body .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-source{font-size:12px!important}\n body .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-appendix-dialog-body{padding:16px!important}\n}\n\/* === END V49 === *\/\n\n\/* === V50 \u2014 alignment of fourth chronology separator & inset photograph below.\n   Align the Karel\/reconstruction dividers across all FOUR cards, even when\n   headings or recollection text wrap differently. No card wording or dates edited. *\/\n@media(min-width:1131px){\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-dual-head{\n    min-height:44px!important;box-sizing:border-box!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-memory{\n    min-height:130px!important;box-sizing:border-box!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-research{\n    margin-top:0!important;\n  }\n}\n\/* In a two-column timeline, synchronize the divider inside each pair. *\/\n@media(min-width:621px) and (max-width:1130px){\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-dual-head{\n    min-height:26px!important;box-sizing:border-box!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-memory{\n    min-height:125px!important;box-sizing:border-box!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-timeline .wtwn-karel-dual-card .wtwn-karel-research{\n    margin-top:0!important;\n  }\n}\n\/* The memory photograph follows the SAME editorial approach as the previously\n   approved Journey to Fischbeck: inset warm background, photo centred on the\n   right edge and visibly projecting past the colour. Preserve caption\/photo. *\/\nbody .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty{background:#f2eee7!important;}\n@media(min-width:1170px){\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty>.wtwn-karel-section-inner{\n    display:block!important;position:relative!important;isolation:isolate!important;\n    box-sizing:border-box!important;width:100%!important;max-width:var(--k-max)!important;\n    min-height:0!important;overflow:visible!important;\n    padding:37px 0!important;background:transparent!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty>.wtwn-karel-section-inner::before{\n    content:''!important;display:block!important;position:absolute!important;\n    inset:0 205px 0 0!important;z-index:-1!important;background:#e9ddce!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty .wtwn-karel-sixty-copy{\n    width:calc(100% - 485px)!important;max-width:none!important;\n    margin:0!important;padding:0 0 0 32px!important;\n    box-sizing:border-box!important;background:transparent!important;\n    border:0!important;box-shadow:none!important;\n    position:relative!important;z-index:1!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty .wtwn-karel-sixty-media{\n    display:block!important;position:absolute!important;\n    top:50%!important;right:0!important;left:auto!important;\n    transform:translateY(-50%)!important;\n    width:440px!important;max-width:440px!important;\n    min-height:0!important;box-sizing:border-box!important;\n    margin:0!important;padding:0!important;\n    background:transparent!important;border:0!important;\n    z-index:2!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty figure.wtwn-karel-sixty-figure{\n    width:100%!important;max-width:440px!important;\n    margin:0!important;\n  }\n}\n\/* Medium screens: matching two-column relationship without risking text\/photo\n   overlap. The inset covers the text; the image extends slightly past it. *\/\n@media(min-width:761px) and (max-width:1169px){\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty>.wtwn-karel-section-inner{\n    position:relative!important;\n    display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.42fr) minmax(270px,.94fr)!important;\n    gap:clamp(18px,3.5vw,42px)!important;align-items:center!important;\n    box-sizing:border-box!important;\n    padding:26px 0!important;background:transparent!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty>.wtwn-karel-section-inner::before{\n    content:''!important;position:absolute!important;inset:0 105px 0 0!important;\n    z-index:0!important;background:#e9ddce!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty .wtwn-karel-sixty-copy{\n    background:transparent!important;border:0!important;box-shadow:none!important;\n    padding:0 0 0 26px!important;position:relative!important;z-index:1!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty .wtwn-karel-sixty-media{\n    display:block!important;position:relative!important;z-index:2!important;\n    background:transparent!important;padding:0!important;\n    transform:none!important;max-width:none!important;\n    width:100%!important;margin:0!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty figure.wtwn-karel-sixty-figure{\n    max-width:440px!important;width:100%!important;margin:0!important;\n  }\n}\n\/* Mobile: retain full-width legible text and put image in the normal flow. *\/\n@media(max-width:760px){\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty>.wtwn-karel-section-inner{\n    display:flex!important;flex-direction:column!important;gap:0!important;\n    background:#e9ddce!important;padding:0!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty .wtwn-karel-sixty-copy{\n    background:transparent!important;border:0!important;box-shadow:none!important;\n    margin:0!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty .wtwn-karel-sixty-media{\n    background:transparent!important;padding:0 16px 24px!important;\n    margin:0 auto!important;max-width:540px!important;\n    transform:none!important;\n  }\n  body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-sixty figure.wtwn-karel-sixty-figure{\n    max-width:100%!important;margin:0!important;\n  }\n}\n\/* === END V50 === *\/\n\n\/* === V51 \u2014 narrower change set: wider centred intro + readable source appendices. === *\/\nbody .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-intro .wtwn-karel-intro-inner{\n  width:100%!important;max-width:1040px!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-explainer-body .wtwn-karel-app-label,\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-appendix-dialog-body .wtwn-karel-app-label{\n  margin:0 0 10px!important;color:#85633e!important;\n  font-size:11px!important;font-weight:750!important;letter-spacing:.14em!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-explainer-body h3,\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-appendix-dialog-body h3{\n  font-family:Montserrat,Arial,sans-serif!important;\n  font-size:19px!important;color:#031833!important;\n  margin:23px 0 11px!important;line-height:1.3!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-explainer-body h3:first-of-type,\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-appendix-dialog-body h3:first-of-type{\n  margin-top:9px!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-explainer-body .wtwn-karel-app-list,\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-appendix-dialog-body .wtwn-karel-app-list{\n  padding-left:23px!important;margin:12px 0 20px!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-liese-explainer-body .wtwn-karel-app-list li,\nbody .wtwn-karel-page .wtwn-karel-appendix-dialog-body .wtwn-karel-app-list li{\n  color:#183249!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:1.6!important;\n  padding:0!important;margin-bottom:8px!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page dialog.wtwn-karel-appendix-dialog .wtwn-karel-appendix-dialog-head h2{\n  color:#fff!important;font-size:clamp(19px,2.2vw,25px)!important;\n  margin:0!important;line-height:1.3!important;\n}\n\/* === END V51 === *\/\n\n\/* === V52: Photo of Fischbeck house (2017) in the final personal reflection.\n   All other rows, timeline, gutters, and the existing popup mechanics untouched. === *\/\n@media(min-width:861px){\n body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-reflection .wtwn-karel-reflection-inner{\n   display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.25fr) minmax(300px,.95fr)!important;\n   gap:clamp(25px,3.8vw,66px)!important;align-items:center!important;\n   max-width:var(--k-max)!important;\n }\n body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-reflection .wtwn-karel-reflection-copy{\n   min-width:0!important;max-width:780px!important;margin:0!important;\n }\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-reflection figure.wtwn-karel-reflection-photo{\n  display:block!important;box-sizing:border-box!important;min-width:0!important;\n  min-height:0!important;width:100%!important;max-width:550px!important;\n  padding:7px 7px 0!important;margin:0 auto!important;\n  border:0!important;background:#fffaf2!important;\n  box-shadow:0 13px 28px rgba(3,24,51,.18)!important;\n  text-align:left!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-reflection figure.wtwn-karel-reflection-photo img{\n  display:block!important;width:100%!important;height:auto!important;\n  max-width:none!important;max-height:none!important;object-fit:contain!important;\n  border:0!important;box-shadow:none!important;\n}\nbody .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-reflection figure.wtwn-karel-reflection-photo figcaption{\n  display:block!important;background:#fffaf2!important;color:#635444!important;\n  padding:10px 9px 13px!important;margin:0!important;\n  font-size:12.5px!important;font-weight:400!important;letter-spacing:0!important;\n  text-transform:none!important;line-height:1.5!important;\n}\n@media(max-width:860px){\n body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-reflection .wtwn-karel-reflection-inner{\n   display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)!important;\n   gap:24px!important;max-width:var(--k-max)!important;\n }\n body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-reflection .wtwn-karel-reflection-copy{\n   width:100%!important;min-width:0!important;margin:0!important;max-width:none!important;\n }\n body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-reflection figure.wtwn-karel-reflection-photo{\n   width:100%!important;max-width:580px!important;margin:0 auto!important;\n }\n}\n\/* === END V52 === *\/\n\n\/* === V53 \u2014 Editorial publication finale: one strong book row, no generic\n   companion strip or sales\/contact closing. Book download popup on this row only.\n   Neither PDF URL is invented; populate data-download-url after WP upload. === *\/\nhtml body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-book{\n  background:#f2eee7!important;\n  padding-top:60px!important;padding-bottom:72px!important;\n}\nhtml body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-book>.wtwn-karel-book-inner{\n  display:grid!important;position:relative!important;\n  grid-template-columns:minmax(210px, .54fr) minmax(0, 1.46fr)!important;\n  align-items:center!important;gap:clamp(28px,4.8vw,85px)!important;\n  width:100%!important;max-width:1640px!important;margin:0 auto!important;\n  box-sizing:border-box!important;\n  padding:clamp(36px,4.9vw,74px) clamp(28px,5.6vw,90px)!important;\n  background:#031833!important;\n  border-top:5px solid #cbb090!important;\n  border-radius:0!important;box-shadow:none!important;\n}\nhtml body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-book figure.wtwn-karel-publication-cover{\n  display:block!important;width:100%!important;max-width:305px!important;\n  align-self:center!important;justify-self:center!important;\n  margin:0!important;padding:0!important;box-sizing:border-box!important;\n  border:7px solid #f5eddf!important;background:#f5eddf!important;\n  box-shadow:0 20px 36px rgba(0,0,0,.28)!important;\n}\nhtml body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-book figure.wtwn-karel-publication-cover img{\n  width:100%!important;max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important;display:block!important;\n  border:0!important;box-shadow:none!important;object-fit:contain!important;\n}\nhtml body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-book figure.wtwn-karel-publication-cover figcaption{\n  display:block!important;box-sizing:border-box!important;\n  color:#574d41!important;background:#f5eddf!important;\n  font-size:11.5px!important;line-height:1.45!important;\n  text-align:center!important;margin:0!important;padding:11px 7px 5px!important;\n}\nhtml body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-book .wtwn-karel-book-copy{\n  max-width:900px!important;min-width:0!important;width:100%!important;\n  margin:0!important;padding:0!important;background:transparent!important;\n  border:0!important;box-shadow:none!important;\n}\nhtml body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-book .wtwn-karel-book-copy .wtwn-karel-eyebrow{\n  color:#d8b98d!important;font-size:11px!important;letter-spacing:.15em!important;\n  font-weight:720!important;margin:0 0 16px!important;\n}\nhtml body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-row.wtwn-karel-book:not(.wtwn-karel-hero):not(.wtwn-karel-intro):not(.wtwn-karel-contact) .wtwn-karel-book-copy h2.wp-block-heading{\n  color:#fff!important;font-size:clamp(28px,3.6vw,46px)!important;\n  line-height:1.13!important;letter-spacing:-.025em!important;\n  margin:0 0 20px!important;max-width:710px!important;\n}\nhtml body .wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-book .wtwn-karel-book-copy>p:not(.wtwn-karel-eyebrow){\n  color:#f1eee9!important;font-size:clamp(15px,1.24vw,17.2px)!important;\n  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.wtwn-karel-page>.wtwn-karel-row.wtwn-karel-book:not(.wtwn-karel-hero):not(.wtwn-karel-intro):not(.wtwn-karel-contact){padding-bottom:32px!important;}\n}\n\/* === END V54 === *\/\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/style>\n<dialog id=\"wtwn-karel-liese-explainer\" class=\"wtwn-karel-liese-explainer\" aria-labelledby=\"wtwn-karel-liese-explainer-title\" aria-modal=\"true\">\n  <div class=\"wtwn-karel-liese-explainer-head\">\n    <h2 id=\"wtwn-karel-liese-explainer-title\">The Liese-Aktion<\/h2>\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"wtwn-karel-liese-explainer-close\" aria-label=\"Close explanation\" title=\"Close (Esc)\">\u00d7<\/button>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"wtwn-karel-liese-explainer-body\">\n    <div id=\"wtwn-karel-liese-booklet-content\" data-content-status=\"complete\">\n<h3>The Liese-Aktion<\/h3>\n<h3>The Demand for Labour<\/h3>\n<p>Hermann Liese (1907\u20131972) was a Reichsamtsleiter within the Nazi Party organisation and an associate of Joseph Goebbels. In early October 1944 he was sent to the Netherlands with a twofold assignment: to remove machinery and raw materials from the Dutch economy and to gather Dutch labourers for the German war effort.<\/p>\n<p>On 15 October, a German meeting chaired by Christiansen was attended by Liese, Seyss-Inquart, Rauter and others. They discussed the possibility of deporting large numbers of men from cities in the western Netherlands. Their calculations assumed that some 5,000 men could be transported each day. This meeting formed part of the preparations for the round-ups and the subsequent labour mobilisation campaign.<\/p>\n<p>Several round-ups took place in October and November 1944, the largest being those in Rotterdam and The Hague, in which more than 70,000 men were seized in total. This method, however, had major disadvantages. It required large numbers of German soldiers, who were in short supply, particularly during the Battle of the Bulge in December. The round-ups provoked widespread public resistance; once the element of surprise had been lost, boys and men went into hiding en masse, making the operations less effective. Loe de Jong also describes how men were rounded up whom the Germans would have been better off leaving in their existing jobs. Even economically, therefore, this brutal method was not always effective. Liese consequently devised another scheme for recruiting labourers.<\/p>\n<h3>The Liese-Aktion<\/h3>\n<p>Under what became known as the Liese-Aktion, men were ordered to report to employment offices to register for labour deployment. In return for their work, their households or families were allocated extra food ration coupons.<\/p>\n<p>The first notices were posted in Amsterdam on 14 December. On 29 December, a further announcement ordered all men born between 1905 and 1928, inclusive, to register between 5 and 8 January. They would later receive a summons to depart for their assigned workplaces in the Netherlands or Germany.<\/p>\n<p>The Dutch government in exile and the resistance reacted forcefully and decisively. On 2 January the government urged everyone to ignore the German summons, and on 5 January the resistance resorted to violence. Nine pro-German employment-office staff were attacked, six of whom were killed. That evening the Spieghelschool on Marnixstraat (where the present-day DeLaMar Theater stands), which was being used for registration, was set on fire. On 7 January a bomb was also detonated at the Koningin Emmaschool, which had subsequently been used for registrations.<\/p>\n<p>German reprisals were severe. On 6 January five resistance members were executed outside the burnt-out Spieghelschool, and on 18 January a further eleven employees of the Regional Employment Office were shot at Rozenoord. Nevertheless, the Liese-Aktion was not a success. An estimated 4,000 to 5,000 men registered in Amsterdam; Loe de Jong estimates that fewer than 10,000 men were recruited in total across the various cities. Round-ups continued alongside the registration scheme, however, so the overall number of men pressed into labour during January and February 1945 was considerably higher.<\/p>\n<h3>The Actual Departures<\/h3>\n<p>Those who had registered in Amsterdam were summoned on 17 January to report to the Apollohal between 20 and 22 January with the prescribed luggage. From there they were taken to the Levantkade, where workers from around the country were initially assembled. Under normal circumstances they then travelled by boat across the IJsselmeer to the Van Heutsz barracks in Kampen. Men from other parts of the country were also gathered for onward transport.<\/p>\n<p>The final week of January was so bitterly cold that the waters around Kampen became unnavigable, so trains were used for these transports instead. Loe de Jong describes a train transport that arrived in Kampen from Amsterdam on 27 January 1945 and over the following days, a substantial proportion of its passengers being boys aged around fifteen to eighteen. The arrivals were inadequately dressed and weakened; roughly twenty of the boys were reportedly found to have frostbitten feet.<\/p>\n<p>On 30 January 1945, the physician Willem Johan Kolff reported to Mayor Sandberg on conditions in the barracks. The problems he identified included severe exhaustion; inadequate clothing, footwear and blankets; lice; dysentery; frostbite; and illnesses including diphtheria, tuberculosis and influenza.<\/p>\n<p>For those sent on to Germany, the next destination was Lehrte, a small town near Hanover. It had a Durchgangslager (transit camp), where conscripted labourers were taken before being transported to their final destinations. 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When I started researching his stories in more detail I discovered that some of the events he remembered so clearly had happened differently from how he described them. ________ [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-314","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/whenthenwasnow.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/314","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/whenthenwasnow.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/whenthenwasnow.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/whenthenwasnow.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/whenthenwasnow.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=314"}],"version-history":[{"count":53,"href":"https:\/\/whenthenwasnow.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/314\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":460,"href":"https:\/\/whenthenwasnow.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/314\/revisions\/460"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/whenthenwasnow.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=314"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}